Table of Content

18 June 2026, Volume 51 Issue 3

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Construction and Application of Recombinant Bacterial Strains Secreting Lactoferrin Peptides

LI Jiaxuan，TANG Lijie

2026, 51(3):  1-8.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.03.01

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Lactoferrin peptides are bioactive small peptides generated through enzymatic hydrolysis of lactoferrin and exhibit multiple biological activities，including antibacterial，antiviral，anti?inflammatory，immunomodulatory， and intestinal barrier protective effects，often showing higher bioactivity than intact lactoferrin. However，their large? scale application is limited by the high cost and low yield of natural extraction. Genetic engineering technology provides an efficient strategy for the scalable production of lactoferrin peptides. This review systematically summarized the construction strategies of recombinant lactoferrin peptide ? producing strains，focusing on different expression systems，including Escherichia coli，lactic acid bacteria，and fungal hosts such as Pichia pastoris，as well as key technical approaches including codon optimization，fusion tags，tandem expression，chromosomal integration，and signal peptide screening to achieve stable and high?level expression. Additionally，the mechanisms of action of these recombinant strains are discussed，where secreted lactoferrin peptides and synergizing with host probiotics，exhibit antibacterial， antiviral， immunomodulatory， and intestinal barrier repair activities. In practical applications， recombinant strains ? secreting lactoferrin peptides have shown beneficial effects on disease resistance，growth performance，and immune enhancement effects in animals such as newborn piglets，weaned piglets and poultry. Furthermore，formulation strategies such as microencapsulation can improve gastric acid tolerance and intestinal colonization capacity，highlighting their potential as promising. With continued advances in genetic engineering and formulation technologies，recombinant lactoferrin peptide?secreting strains are expected to play an important role in animal health and sustainable livestock production.

Effects of Zinc Oxide on Intestinal Barrier，Extracellular Matrix and Serum Metabolome of Weaned Piglets

2026, 51(3):  9-20.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.03.02

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with 1 500 mg/kg zinc oxide （ZnO）on the small intestinal mucosal barrier，extracellular matrix（ECM）remodeling，and serum metabolic profiles in the portal vein and anterior vena cava in weaned piglets. A total of 72 28?day?old weaned piglets were randomly assigned to a control group（CON）and ZnO group，with six replicates per group and six piglets per replicate. Piglets in the CON group were fed a basal diet，while the ZnO group received the basal diet supplemented with 1 500 mg/kg ZnO for a feeding trial lasting 28 days. The mRNA expression levels of genes related to intestinal barrier，inflammation and ECM in the jejunal and ileal mucosa were determined by qPCR. Non ? targeted metabolomics and pathway enrichment analysis were performed on serum samples from the portal vein and anterior vena cava. The results showed that，compared with the CON group，the ZnO group exhibited upregulated expression of the intestinal barrier genes ZO?1 and Occludin，increased expression of the anti?inflammatory gene IL?4，downregulated COL4 and upregulated COL5 in the jejunum. In the ileum，COL4 and COL6 were downregulated，whereas COL5 was upregulated； meanwhile，the expression of inflammatory genes IL ? 6 and IL ? 10 was decreased，and MMP9 expression was increased. Metabolomic analysis indicated that arginine biosynthesis and pantothenate/CoA biosynthesis were the two most significantly altered pathways in the portal vein. In the anterior vena cava，the differentially enriched pathways mainly included nitrogen metabolism and arginine biosynthesis. Moreover，the arginine biosynthesis pathway was closely associated with ECM and participated in ECM remodeling. Correlation analysis between metabolites and target genes further verified that ZnO could regulate extracellular matrix by modulating the dynamic expression of key metabolites，thereby affecting the occurrence of diarrhea in weaned piglets. In conclusion，dietary supplementation with 1500 mg/kg ZnO improved the expression of tight junction proteins，regulated inflammatory responses，induced ECM remodeling in the small intestine，and reshaped metabolic characteristics of portal vein and systemic circulation. ZnO?mediated ECM regulation depended on the dynamic changes of metabolites，which may be related to metabolic regulation via the gut-liver axis.

Analysis of the Differences in Hepatic Energy and Lipid Metabolism of Yellow􀆼feathered Broilers with Divergent Residual Feed Intake

JIANG Zichao，XU Yibin，LUO Chenglong，ZHANG Li，JI Jiang

2026, 51(3):  21-28.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.03.03

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To investigate the regulatory mechanism of residual feed intake（RFI）in hepatic energy and lipid metabolism in yellow?feathered broilers，two lines divergently selected for high RFI（HRFI）and low RFI（LRFI）were used in this study. Twenty 1?day?old healthy yellow?feathered broilers（half male and half female）from each line were reared under identical conditions until 70 days of age. The mRNA expression of key genes related to the mitochondrial respiratory chain and lipid metabolism was examined by qRT?PCR，and the activities of complexes I－IV as well as ATP production were determined using a microplate reader.Results showed that compared with the HRFI group，the LRFI group exhibited significantly upregulated mRNA expression levels of key mitochondrial respiratory chain genes （MTND1，MTND4，CYTB，COX1）in the liver（P<0.05）. Similarly，the expression of key lipid metabolism genes （ACACA，FADS1，ACSL1） was significantly increased（P<0.05）. Further functional validation revealed that the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I，II，III，and IV，as well as ATP production，were significantly higher in the LRFI group than in the HRFI group（P<0.05）. In conclusion，low?RFI yellow?feathered broilers enhance mitochondrial function through the coordinated upregulation of genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid synthesis，thereby improving the efficiency of energy and lipid metabolic turnover. This likely represents a key molecular mechanism underlying their superior feed efficiency. These findings provide a new theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of feed efficiency in yellow?feathered broilers.

Comparison on Antioxidant Capacity and Pectoral Myofiber Morphology of Squabs between Shiqi Pigeons and American King Pigeons

Huang Yunyan，Lu Haopeng，Chen Anjie，Qiu Zhiyong，Li Zhengsheng，Fu Chidong4，Li Chi，Liang Yayan

2026, 51(3):  29-34.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.03.04

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This study aimed to investigate the differences in systemic antioxidant capacity and pectoral muscle morphology between Shiqi pigeons and White King pigeons. Fifty?two?week?old breeding pigeons and 21?day?old squabs from both breeds were used as experimental subjects. Oxidative stress parameters were measured in the plasma，liver，and crop of the breeding pigeons，as well as in the plasma and pectoral muscle of the squabs. Additionally，the fiber cross?sectional area and diameter of the squabs' pectoral muscle were analyzed. The results are as follows∶1）There were no significant differences in the activities of total superoxide dismutase（T?SOD），catalase （CAT），and glutathione peroxidase （GSH ? Px），as well as the contents of hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） and malondialdehyde（MDA）in the plasma of Shiqi and White King breeding pigeons and squabs（P>0.05）. 2）The H2O2 content in the liver and crop of Shiqi breeding pigeons was significantly lower than that of White King breeding pigeons （P<0.05），and the MDA content in the liver of Shiqi breeding pigeons was lower than that of White King breeding pigeons（P<0.05）. 3）The muscle fiber area and diameter in the pectoral muscle of Shiqi squabs were significantly smaller than those of White King squabs（P<0.01）. 4）The H2O2 content in the pectoral muscle of Shiqi squabs was significantly higher than that of White King squabs（P<0.01）. In summary，the breeding Shiqi pigeons exhibited stronger systemic antioxidant capacity，and their squabs possessed pectoral muscles with a tighter texture. Conversely， the White King squabs demonstrated superior antioxidant capacity and greater potential for pectoral muscle development. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the selective breeding of novel meat pigeon strains，the enhancement of stress resistance，and the optimization of meat quality.

Application of the MC1R Gene in Feather Color Breeding Selection of Luokeng Chicken

YAN Xia，LIN Chuxiao，CHEN Wei，ZHONG Lan，XU Xinchun，HE Yanhua，LI Haizhong，LUO Wei，CHEN Peng，ZHANG HuiHua，LUO ChengLong

2026, 51(3):  35-41.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.03.05

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Uniformity of plumage color is a critical breeding objective for the Luokeng chicken，a distinctive indigenous breed in Guangdong Province. To elucidate the genetic basis underlying plumage color variations，this study investigated the polymorphisms of the melanocortin? 1 receptor（MC1R）gene across three phenotypes：dark partridge，light partridge，and yellow. The complete coding region of MC1R was amplified and screened for single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs）using PCR combined with Sanger sequencing. Sequence analysis identified two significant missense mutations in the coding region：a c.274G>A substitution resulting in a glutamic acid?to?lysine change at residue 92（p.Glu92Lys），and a c.265T>C substitution leading to a serine to proline change at residue 89（p. Ser89Pro）. Genotyping and association analysis revealed a highly significant correlation between the c.274G>A locus and plumage phenotypes（P<0.01）. Specifically，the AA genotype was predominant in the dark?partridge population （frequency：97.44%），whereas the light?partridge and yellow populations consisted primarily of AG heterozygotes and GG homozygotes. These findings confirm that c.274G>A is the major effect locus controlling plumage color in Luokeng chickens. Consequently，marker?assisted selection（MAS）based on this locus can precisely identify and eliminate recessive heterozygous carriers，thereby significantly accelerating the purification and rejuvenation process of the Luokeng chicken breed.

Protective Efficacy of the Chitosan⁃Montmorillonite Intercalation Composite Detoxifier against Deoxynivalenol Exposure in Mice

WANG Ziwei，WANG Yuling，ZHOU Qiu，JU Xianghong，YONG Yanhong

2026, 51(3):  42-52.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.03.06

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This experiment was based on the chitosan ? montmorillonite intercalation composite （Chitosan ? montmorillonite，CS ? MMT），and incorporated probiotics，enzymes and yeast cell walls to develop a CS ? MMT composite detoxification agent（CDA）with the functions of adsorption and degradation of deoxynivalenole. Thirty?six healthy male C57BL/6J mice at 5 weeks of age were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups（n=6）：normal control group，DON treatment group（2 mg/kg），CDA alone treatment group（100 mg/kg），CDA low?dose group （50 mg/kg + DON），CDA medium?dose group（100 mg/kg + DON），and CDA high?dose group（200 mg/kg + DON）. The mice were given continuous treatment for 21 days and their body weight，daily feed intake，daily water consumption，and DON residue in feces were recorded. After the experiment，blood serum and intestinal contents of the mice were collected. It was found that CDA treatment significantly improved various growth performance indicators of DON?exposed mice and the residual amount of DON in their feces，and reduced the levels of pro?inflammatory factors in their serum. Moreover， CDA increased the richness of the intestinal microbiota through multiple mechanisms，promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibited the reproduction of harmful bacteria. CDA can improve the intestinal health of DON?exposed animals，providing a new approach to alleviating the harm caused by DON contamination to animal health.

Establishment and Application of a Direct PCR Method for Micro Blood identification of Early Chicken Embryos

ZHANG Hongbin，LIN Chun，ZHAO Zhifeng，LUO Chenglong，YU Haibin，ZOU Xian

2026, 51(3):  53-59.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.03.07

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To solve the problems of complex operation and high cost of traditional PCR methods for early chicken embryos，this study aimed to establish a rapid PCR detection technology based on trace blood samples， so as to provide a new method for optimizing the PCR identification of early poultry embryos.［Methods］Chicken embryos at three incubation time points（6.5，8.5，and 10.5 days）were selected，and primers for sex identification genes，germ cell marker genes，and housekeeping genes were designed for the experiment. Comparative experiments were carried out simultaneously，including traditional tissue DNA extraction，rapid DNA extraction，and direct PCR dete ction with trace blood samples aspirated as templates，and the amplification efficiencies of three types of PCR premixes were compared.［Results］The experimental results showed that：（1）The PCR identification results of trace blood were consistent with those of the traditional tissue DNA extraction method，with an accuracy rate of 100%；（2） The optimized PCR identification system did not need to add PCR enhancers and stabilizers，and whole blood samples could be directly used as templates after dilution，which significantly reduced the detection cost per sample. ［Conclusion］The direct PCR method using trace blood from early chicken embryos established in this study can replace the traditional DNA extraction identification method，which greatly shortens the time and simplifies the operation steps，and significantly improves work efficiency while maintaining 100% accuracy. This technology has the advantages of rapidity，convenience，low cost and reliable results，providing an innovative solution for the PCR identification of poultry embryos.

Research Progress on Pathogenesis and Host⁃Immune Interaction of Canine Parvovirus

LIU Jinchao，ZHANG Mengyang，ZHANG Baobao，SU Lin，LI Zhuo，HU Wen

2026, 51(3):  60-66.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.03.08

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Canine parvovirus（CPV）is a pathogen that causes enteritis and myocarditis in dogs.Its pathogenic mechanism involves a complex interplay between the virus and the host immune system.This article focuses on the mechanisms of viral invasion and replication，as well as immune interactions，revealing the interaction between the VP2 capsid protein and host proteins，the multiple functions of NS1/NS2 proteins，and the regulatory mechanisms of virus on host cells along with its immune evasion strategies.Concurrently，the pathological changes resulting from an imbalance in the inflammatory response are analyzed，and the application progress of proteomics is briefly described. This study integrates existing findings to provide a reference for clarifying the pathogenic mechanism of CPV and developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Research Progress on Genetic Dissection and Functional Genes Underlying Important Economic Traits in Pigs

ZHANG Shude

2026, 51(3):  67-72.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.03.09

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Porcine production traits serve as core indicators for evaluating the efficiency and economic returns of swine production. Consequently，their genetic improvement remains a central research focus and key practical objective in swine breeding. The rapid advancement of high?throughput sequencing and molecular biology technologies has extended the elucidation of the genetic basis of porcine production traits beyond traditional candidate ? gene targeting analyses，ushering in a new era of comprehensive，genome ? wide systematic analysis. This paper systematically reviews various technical approaches—including genome?wide association studies（GWAS）and multi? omics integration analyses—and examines their application and progress in deciphering the genetic underpinnings of two major categories of production traits：growth，development，and feed utilization；and carcass composition and meat quality. Furthermore，the paper outlines future technological trends within this research domain，aiming to provide a valuable reference for the genetic improvement of breeding stock and the high?quality development of the swine breeding industry.

Research Progress on the Application of Fluralaner for Prevention and Control against Dermanyssus gallinae in Poultry

LIU Juan，LIANG Jingkang，ZHANG Guijun，WEN Yongru，LI Naitian，YONG Yan

2026, 51(3):  73-78.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.03.10

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Dermanyssus gallinae is the most commom and serious ectoparatite in poultry farms. Fluralaner，a new type of broad ? spectrum ectoparasite repellent belonging to the isoxazolines，exhibits specific high selectivity and inhibitory effects on arthropods. Fluralaner has the characteristics of easy absorption，safety，long ? lasting efficacy， and good tolerance. It can serve as a preferred drug for the control and management of PRM particularly when conventional drug resistance is a concern. This paper summarizes the research and application progress of fluralaner in the prevention and control of poultry red mite disease，with the aim of providing reference for the application of fluralaner in the poultry clinical practice.

Research Progress on Drinking Water Restriction Technology for Caged Laying Ducks

MA Yuyong，LUO Zhijia，WU Cong，CHEN Kai，WEN Ye，YUAN Yating，WANG Liguo

2026, 51(3):  79-81.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.03.11

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As a traditional advantageous industry in China，the egg-laying duck breeding sector has developed rapidly in recent years. Particularly with the emergence of cage ??rearing systems，egg-laying duck production has embarked on a high??quality development path featuring large-scale，intensive and automated operations. This paper highlights the importance of water control technology in cage-rearing systems，elaborates in detail on its development history，research status and future prospects，and points out the significance of water control technology for caged egg- laying ducks.

Isolation，Identification and Pathogenicity Analysis of a Streptococcus suis Type 2 Strain from Healthy Pigs in Slaughterhouse

WU Jiandong，WEN Kaishun，LI Chunling，BAI Aiquan，LI Yan，KANG Huahua

2026, 51(3):  82-89.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.03.12

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Streptococcus suis（SS）is an important zoonotic pathogen. Slaughterhouses serve as a critical link between pig farming and meat consumption，making epidemiological investigations of SS of significant public health importance. In 2024，an SS strain was isolated from tonsillar samples of healthy pigs at a slaughterhouse in Guangdong Province. The isolate was identified as serotype 2 through 16S rRNA sequencing and serotyping. Subsequent analyses included virulence gene detection， antimicrobial susceptibility testing （AST） ， and in vivo pathogenicity assessmenassessment in mice. The isolate carried six virulence genes：gapdh，gdh，srtA，ccpA，orf2，and sly. AST revealed resistance to 11 antibiotics，including spectinomycin，lincomycin，and tetracycline，indicating that the strain is multidrug?resistant（MDR）. The median lethal dose（LD50）of the isolate was determined to be 4.64×108 CFU，and infection with the strain induced varying degrees of pathological lesions in the heart，liver，spleen，lungs， and kidneys of mice. These findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the epidemiology of SS in Guangdong and inform its prevention and control，with significant public health implications.

Diagnosis of Coinfection of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae and Escherichia coli in goats

LI Jintao，WANG Jinping，XU Xinming，WANG Ping，SHA Lidong4，SHEN Weiming，YAO Jun

2026, 51(3):  90-96.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.03.13

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To identify the causative agent responsible for goat deaths on a large?scale farm in Lufeng City，Yunnan Province，lung tissue and tracheal secretion samples were collected from deceased animals. PCR was used for initial pathogen screening， followed by bacterial isolation， mycoplasma culture， morphological observation， biochemical identification，antimicrobial susceptibility testing，sequencing，and phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that samples were positive for Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae （Mccp）nucleic acid. One bacterial strain and one Mycoplasma strain were successfully isolated from lung tissue. The bacterial strain was identified biochemically as Escherichia coli，which was sensitive to colistin，kanamycin，gentamicin，apramycin， and nitrofurantoin. The Mycoplasma strain was confirmed by PCR amplification，yielding a a 670 bp target gene fragment with 100.00% sequence identity to the Mccp strain（GenBank accession number：CP144022.1）. These findings indicate that the mortality in goats on this farm was caused by mixed infection with Mccp and E. coli. This study provides a reference for the diagnosis，treatment，and control of infectious respiratory diseases in local goats in Yunnan.

Diagnosis and Therapeutic Regimen of Canine Parvovirus⁃ induced Leukopenia in Golden Retrievers

WANG Xueying，LIU Yang，YANG Bing，HE Li，LIU Li，JIN Bin，WANG Jiale，WANG Bo，LI Bohan，LIU Shuochen，ZHANG Yongfu

2026, 51(3):  97-102.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.03.14

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This paper describes the timely diagnosis and treatment of a Golden Retriever with canine parvovirus （CPV）infection，aiming to optimize the treatment protocol for leukopenic CPV disease and improve the survival rate of critically ill cases. The diagnosis was based on clinical examination，complete blood count（CBC），and antigen detection for cCPV and canine coronavirus（CCV）. The dog tested positive for CPV，with a white blood cell（WBC） count as low as 2.91×109/L. Based on these findings and the clinical signs，a diagnosis of CPV disease was confirmed. After 7 days of hospitalization，during which the dog received dynamic CBC monitoring and adjuvant enema therapy， the CPV antigen retest turned negative，and CBC values returned to normal. The Golden Retriever was discharged in good condition，indicating a favorable therapeutic outcome. This case provides a reference for the management of similar clinical cases.

Rapid On⁃site Sex Determination Method for Gooslings Using RPA Technology

LUO Xingyun，LUO Jianting，LI Yingtong，LIU Fucheng，KUANG Huanru，O Yanghongjia

2026, 51(3):  103-108.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.03.15

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This study aimed to establish a rapid on?site method for sex identification of goslings to address the increased feeding costs caused by mixed?sex rearing in goose production，as well as the limitations of traditional sexing methods，including time consumption，high cost，and low accuracy. Recombinase polymerase amplification（RPA）is an emerging isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology. Compared with conventional amplification methods， RPA offers advantages such as high sensitivity，high amplification efficiency，and simple operational requirements. The HINTW gene was selected as the amplification target，and specific RPA primers were designed to amplify DNA extracted from the blood of male and female Lion?head geese. Additionally，a rapid DNA extraction method was explored in which whole blood，heated at 100 ℃ for 5 minutes，was used as a template for the RPA reaction as a substitute for kit?extracted DNA. The results showed that the designed primers exhibited high specificity for female geese. Agarose gel electrophoresis revealed a single band for all female individuals，whereas no band was observed for any male individual. The sensitivity of the RPA assay，as determined by agarose gel electrophoresis，reached 4.7×10-1 ng/μL. The results of RPA detection using heat?treated whole blood as a template were consistent with those obtained using extracted DNA as a template. This study demonstrates that the method can achieve rapid amplification of the female?specific HINTW gene under a constant temperature of 39 ℃ with simple amplification conditions，making it a viable on?site rapid sex identification method for goslings.

Investigation Report on Hog Industry in Lianjiang City

ZHENG Yuyao

2026, 51(3):  109-115.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.03.16

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This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the pig production sector in Lianjiang City， Guangdong Province，based on extensive field surveys and data collection. The report underscores the strategic importance of the local pig industry for regional economic development and supply security. It examines the current status of the industry in terms of scale，structure，key stakeholders，and value chain configuration，and identifies four critical challenges：disease outbreaks，environmental constraints，price volatility，rising production costs，and uneven development across the industry chain. Drawing on domestic and international best practices and local farming experience，the report proposes recommendations that including strengthening biosecurity systems，promoting green and circular agriculture，optimizing production capacity management and market risk mitigation，improving the industrial value chain to enhance brand value，and reinforcing policy and resource support. This analysis serves as a reference for local policymakers，industry stakeholders，and researchers，aiming to facilitate the high ? quality， sustainable transformation and upgrading of Lianjiang’s pig industry.

Strategies for Alleviating“Hog Cycle”Volatility and Promoting Sound Development of Hog Industry

DU Ye，DU Liuting，WANG Xulong，ZHAN Yishan

2026, 51(3):  116-120.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.03.17

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The hog breeding industry constitutes a vital component of China's agricultural sector and is indispensable to the nation's economic and social development. Amid ongoing economic progress，the industry has entered a phase of rapid development，steadily transitioning towards large?scale and intensive production models. Breeding technologies have been continuously refined，and the level of intelligence and modernization has significantly improved. However，the practical challenge of the“ hog cycle ”continues to constrain the sector's growth。。Focusing on the exertion of the“dual roles”of the government and the market，this paper conducts research on the cyclical fluctuations of hog prices，analyzes the causes and negative effects of the“ hog cycle ”，and puts forward targeted suggestions from multiple dimensions. These including improving the regulatory mechanism for hog production capacity，reducing the inventory of breeding sows，lowering the average market weight of hogs，promoting industrial transformation and upgrading，strengthening disease prevention and control，establishing breeding relief funds，and advancing price futures insurance. It aims to explore new paths，help the hog industry break through the“cycle dilemma”，and achieve high?quality development.