Table of Content

18 April 2026, Volume 51 Issue 2

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Research Progress on the Hazards and Control Measures of Zearalenone on the Healthy Production of Laying Hens

LIU Qingxiu，MA Qiugang

2026, 51(2):  1-7.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.02.01

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Zearalenone（ZEA）is one of the mycotoxins posing a severe threat to poultry health and human food safety. By binding to estrogen receptors（ER），it abnormally activates downstream signaling pathways，causing reproductive toxicity，hepatic and renal dysfunction，oxidative stress，and inflammatory damage in laying hens. It also disrupts intestinal calcium transporter expression，impairing bone calcium metabolism and eggshell quality in laying hens. Current ZEA control strategies centre on nutritional regulation and biodegradation. Nutritional regulation relies on antioxidants，vitamins，trace elements，and plant?derived bioactive compounds to mitigate toxin effects through antioxidant，anti?inflammatory，anti?apoptotic actions，and tissue barrier repair. Biodegradation employs microbial adsorption，specific degrading bacteria，and degradative enzymes to disrupt toxin structures and reduce toxicity. This article systematically reviews ZEA sources，metabolic pathways，avian toxicity characteristics，and advances in mainstream control technologies. It analyses existing research limitations to provide guidance for efficient ZEA contamination management，ensuring healthy poultry farming and food safety.

Application of High-Throughput Sequencing Technology in the Diagnosis of Swine Diseases

CAI Shaotong，LI Jin，BO Haotian，ZHANG Junhui，GONG Lang，WANG Heng，ZHANG Guihong，SUN Yankuo

2026, 51(2):  8-16.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.02.02

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High?throughput sequencing（HTS）has been increasingly applied in animal disease diagnosis and molecular epidemiological investigations in recent years. In intensive swine production systems，clinical syndromes such as respiratory disease，diarrhea，and reproductive disorders are often associated with multiple co ? infecting pathogens，making comprehensive pathogen identification difficult using conventional targeted diagnostic assays. By enabling large ? scale parallel sequencing of nucleic acids in clinical samples，HTS allows unbiased detection of pathogens and provides high ? resolution genomic information. This capability offers significant advantages for the discovery of emerging pathogens，characterization of mixed infections，analysis of viral genetic variation，and epidemiological source tracing. In this review，we summarize recent advances in the application of HTS technologies for viral detection in swine diseases. Particular attention is given to three major sequencing strategies—Whole?Genome Sequencing（WGS），Metagenomic Next?Generation Sequencing（mNGS），and Targeted Next?Generation Sequencing （tNGS）—and their applications in the detection of major swine viruses. In addition，the potential of HTS for swine disease surveillance and precision disease control is discussed.

Effects of Five Chinese Herbal Medicines on the Growth Performance, Reproductive Hormones, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity and Egg Quality of Wenchang Chickens

Wu Shaodeng，LIU Mengjie，Lin Yulin，Lun Jianchi，Qu Qian，GUO Shining

2026, 51(2):  17-25.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.02.03

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This experiment aims to investigate the effects of Chinese herbal medicine on the growth performance， immune organ indices， slaughter performance， serum biochemical indicators， reproductive hormones， immunoglobulins，antioxidant performance，egg ? laying performance，and egg quality of Wenchang broilers hens during the growing period and to enhance the physical reserve of Wenchang meat breeding chickens during the 13-20 week growing period. 540 healthy Wenchang broilers hen breeders at 13 weeks of age with similar body weight were randomly divided into 6 groups，with 6 replicates in each treatment group and 15 chickens in each replicate. The control group was fed with the basic diet. The treatment groups included the POL group（basic diet + 0.1% POL powder），the TG group（basic diet +0.1% TG powder），the RSF group（basic diet +0.1% RSF powder），the PS group （basic diet +0.1% PS powder），and the TFU group（basic diet +0.1% TFU powder）. The experimental period was 7 weeks. The 20?week?old body weight，average weekly body weight and the weight at the beginning of egg production of Wenchang chickens in the POL group and the TG group were significantly higher than those in the CON group，while the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower than that in the CON group（P<0.05）. The leg muscle rate and yolk color of Wenchang chickens in the POL group were significantly higher than those in the CON group and the PS group （P<0.05）. The abdominal fat rate，intermuscular fat width and serum MDA content of Wenchang chickens in the RSF group and the TFU group were significantly lower than those in the CON group（P<0.05）. The abdominal fat rate of the RSF group in Wenchang chickens was significantly lower than that of the TG group（P<0.05）. The bursa index of the PS group in Wenchang chickens was significantly higher than that of the CON group and the TG group（P<0.05）. The albumen height and Haugh unit of Wenchang chickens in the TG group，RSF group，PS group and TFU group were significantly higher than those in the CON group（P<0.05）. The serum ALB levels of the TG group and the PS group in Wenchang chickens were significantly higher than those of the CON group and the RSF group（P<0.05）. The level of serum TG in the TG group of Wenchang chickens was significantly lower than that in the CON group，the POL group and the RSF group，while the spleen index in the TG group was the opposite（P<0.05）. The levels of serum IgG and E2 in Wenchang chickens in the POL group，TG group and RSF group were significantly higher than those in the CON group（P<0.05）. The activity of serum GSH?Px in the TG group and the PS group of Wenchang chickens was higher than that in the CON group，while the activity of serum GSH?Px in the TG group was significantly higher than that in the POL group，the RSF group and the TFU group（P<0.05）. The activity of serum T?AOC in the POL group of Wenchang chickens was significantly higher than that in the CON group and the TFU group（P<0.05）. Studies have shown that POL and TG can improve the growth performance of Wenchang chickens，enhance their serum reproductive hormones，immunity and antioxidant capacity，while RSF，TFU and PS can improve the slaughter performance and egg quality of Wenchang chickens.

The Amino Acid Digestibility of Clostridium autoethanogenum Protein in Growing Pigs

XU Anqi，LI Ping，ZHONG Wenlong，LIN Guozhao，CHEN Bao，WU Qiwen，LI Chongyang，WANG Li，FAN Zhiyong

2026, 51(2):  26-31.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.02.04

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This experiment aimed to analyze the amino acid digestibility of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein in growing pigs. A total of 16 healthy growing pigs fitted with a T?cannula，with an average body weight of（38.2±4.4） kg，were selected for the trial. The experiment lasted 7 days（5?day adaptation period + 2?day trial period）. The pigs were assigned to two treatments，with 8 replicates per group，and were fed either a standardized ileal digestibility （SID）diet formulated with Clostridium autoethanogenum protein or a nitrogen?free diet. The results showed that The crude protein content of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein is 88.57%，with a total energy of 5514 kcal/kg. Among the essential amino acids，the contents of lysine，methionine，and threonine are 8.12% ，1.78% ，and 3.73% ， respectively. The apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein，lysine，methionine，and threonine in Clostridium autoethanogenum protein is 71%，72%，73%，and 74%，respectively，while the standardized ileal digestibility is 82%，87%，85%，and 89%，respectively.

Effects of Adding Insect Antimicrobial Peptides to Drinking Water on Growth Performance, Hepatosplenic Histomorphology and Immune Function in European Meat-type Breeding Pigeons

Chang Kaiyue, Xie Zeting, Li Songchao, Xu Kunjie, Han Yuanhao, Lin Suiyuan, Shao Linlei, Xu Haoze, Chen Xiaoyu, Wang Ziying, Wu Zhongping, Chen Yitian, Liang Yayan, Zhang Xumeng

2026, 51(2):  32-41.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.02.05

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Antimicrobial peptides（AMPs）have the advantages of broad?spectrum antibacterial activity and low likelihood of inducing drug resistance，making them a promising alternative product to veterinary antimicrobials. This study investigated the effects of water?supplemented insect AMPs on the growth performance，hepatic and splenic histomorphology，and immune functions in meat breeding pigeons，360 pairs of healthy European meat pigeon breeders of 2 years old were randomly divided into 4 groups：Group A（control），Group B（200 g/t AMPs），Group C （400 g/t AMPs）and Group D（600 g/t AMPs），with 6 replicates per group and 15 pairs per replicate. Antimicrobial peptide），6 replicates in each group，15 pairs in each replicate，and the whole experimental period was 30 d. The results showed that compared with Group A，Group D showed significantly increased average daily nestling weight gain and feed intake，as well as significantly up?regulated mRNA expression levels of IL?6 and IL?2 genes in hepatic and splenic tissues（P<0.05）. These findings demonstrate that supplementation with 600 g/t insect AMPs supplementation promotes lymphocyte proliferation in hepatosplenic tissues，enhances both humoral and adaptive immunity，thereby supporting pigeon health. This study will provide a theoretical foundation for AMPs in sustainable healthy breeding of meat pigeons.

Elimination of Penicillin V Potassium Residues in Eggs Following Oral Administration of Its Soluble Powder to Laying Hens

HAN Yingying, YANG Huiping, YANG Jie, HAO Xiaomei, WANG Yajiao, MAO Ganzhe, GUO Shaoqian, LIU Ailing

2026, 51(2):  42-46.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.02.06

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This experiment aimed to investigate the elimination profile of phenoxymethylpenicillin（penicillin V potassium）soluble powder in eggs. Ten healthy laying hens meeting the required egg production criteria. They were administered the drug orally via drinking water at the maximum recommended clinical dose of 20 mg/kg B.W./d for 5 consecutive days. Freshly prepared medicated water was provided daily and ensured to be fully consumed by the flock.Eggs were collected daily at fixed time points from the start of administration until 14 days after the last dose，with detailed records maintained. Quantitative analysis was performed using an internal standard method. After sample pretreatment，penicillin V residues in eggs were determined by LC?MS/MS. The method demonstrated good linearity within the concentration range of 5－200 ng/mL，with a limit of detection of 5 μg/kg. Recoveries ranged from 96% to 101.4%，with RSD≤3.5%. Penicillin V residues were rapidly eliminated from eggs，falling below the detection limit by the first day post?treatment. Based on the maximum residue limit（MRL）regulations for penicillin V，a withdrawal period of zero days is recommended for phenoxymethylpenicillin soluble powder in laying hens.

The Active Components of Gardenia jasminoides and Applications in Animal Production

TANG Jiaxi，CUI Chenbin，QIU Yueqin，WANG Li，GAO Kaiguo，YANG Xuefen

2026, 51(2):  47-51.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.02.07

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Gardenia jasminoides，as a functional feed ingredient，is rich in conventional nutritional components， including carbohydrates，proteins，minerals，and fatty acids，as well as bioactive compounds such as iridoids， carotenoids，and polysaccharides. Studies have shown that dietary supplementation with gardenia or its extracts can improve animal growth performance，enhance the quality of meat and eggs，and strengthen antioxidant capacity and immune function. This review summarizes the conventional and bioactive constituents of gardenia and their applications in animal production，providing a reference for further development and utilization of this resource in sustainable and healthy animal husbandry.

Advances in the Application of Probiotics in Swine Production

XIONG Hui，LIU Yanzhi，DENG Guoxiang，CHEN Yufei，HAN Guoqiang，YANG Linfang

2026, 51(2):  52-60.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.02.08

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Amid the intensification of global pig production，the issues of antibiotic resistance and public health risks arising from antibiotic overuse have become increasingly prominent. Consequently，many countries have implemented policies to restrict antibiotic use while promoting the adoption of probiotics as a sustainable alternatives in animal husbandry. Probiotics serve multiple functions，including regulating gut microbiota，enhancing immunity， improving nutrient absorption，exerting antioxidant effects，and enhancing meat quality. Their application can significantly contribute to swine health and productivity. This paper reviews the historical development and current application of probiotics，analyzes recent research advances and industry supply?demand dynamics，and forecasts future trends. It aims to provide a comprehensive and updated perspective on the role of probiotics in sustainable and healthy pig production.

Lysozyme in livestock and poultry farming: antibacterial and antiviral mechanisms and practical applications

LIAO Jiamin，LUO Xin，LUO Zehuan，ZHANG Hao，CAO Yongchang

2026, 51(2):  61-67.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.02.09

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Lysozyme， a naturally occurring multifunctional protein， exerts antibacterial effects through peptidoglycan（PG） hydrolysis and a cation ? dependent，non ? enzymatic mechanism. It also possesses antiviral properties by binding to cellular receptors or viral particles，thereby inhibiting viral entry，sequestering viral nucleic acids，and inhibiting virus?induced cell fusion. These mechanisms contribute to its broad application value across diverse fields such as food preservation，adjunctive medical therapy，and livestock production. Antibiotics are widely used in livestock production to treat bacterial infections，boost animal immunity，and reduce the risk of disease transmission. However，the overuse or misuse of antibiotics can lead to bacterial resistance，drug residues，and potential health risks. Therefore，lysozyme，as a promising alternative，holds great potential in promoting the transition to antibiotic?free，sustainable livestock production. This review provides an overview of the antibacterial and antiviral mechanisms of lysozyme，along with the latest research on its applications in livestock production. It also addresses the technical challenges and limitations encountered in its practical use. The aim is to offer a theoretical basis for the scientific application of lysozyme in the healthy farming of livestock and poultry and to facilitate its industrial development as an antibiotic alternative.

Research Progress on the Eastern Equine Encephalitis Vaccine

ZHANG Dexiong ，ZHANG Pian，REN Zhaowen，LU Yongkun，XIANG Hua , HUANG Jia-yi,WANG Xiao-hu,CHEN Jing

2026, 51(2):  68-74.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.02.10

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Eastern equine encephalitis（EEE）is a zoonotic disease caused by the Eastern equine encephalitis virus（EEEV） and primarily transmitted through arthropod vectors. The infection can cause severe neurological diseases and mortality in horses，humans，and other vertebrates，posing a serious threat to both the equine industry and public health. In recent years，cases of EEEV infection have been reported in multiple regions worldwide， highlighting the need for enhanced epidemic prevention and control. Although vaccination remains a key preventive strategy，no licensed vaccine is currently available. This paper reviews recent research directions and progress in EEEV vaccine development，aiming to provide references for future vaccine research and disease control efforts.

Application of Earthworms in Livestock and Poultry Production

BAI Luyang1，ZHOU Fenglai2，LUO Xuehui3，ZHANG Chunhong4，PENG Tian5，DENG Dun1，CUI Yiyan1， MA Xianyong1，LIU Zhichang1*，SONG Min1*

2026, 51(2):  75-82.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.02.11

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With the intensive development of China's livestock and poultry industry，the substantial generation of manure and wastewater，combined with low rates of resource utilization，has posed significant challenges to the surrounding ecological environment. As natural decomposers in ecosystems， earthworms serve as efficient biotransformation agents，offering a green and sustainable solution for the resource? oriented treatment of livestock and poultry waste. This paper discusses the application of earthworms in livestock production，including the production of high?quality vermicompost organic fertilizer from manure，the processing of earthworms into high?protein feed，and the establishment of integrated planting??breeding system utilizing earthworms. It also provides a comprehensive review of the core biological processes，key technical parameters，and the conversion efficiency of earthworms in treating different types of livestock manure. Furthermore，the integrated value of earthworm ?based technology is evaluated from economic，ecological，and social perspectives. This study offers theoretical references and practical guidance for promoting the application of earthworm technology in the resource utilization of livestock manure and advancing the green and sustainable development of agriculture.

Research on the Functions of Plant Extracts and Application on the Intestinal Health of Livestock and Poultry

LIU Yonghui

2026, 51(2):  83-88.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.02.12

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Since the prohibition of antibiotic additives in feed，livestock and poultry farming has entered the antibiotic?free era，in which intestinal diseases pose serious threats to animal health. Meanwhile，various external stressors can induce suboptimal health or disease states in animals，thereby compromising healthy breeding practices and reducing production efficiency. Due to their natural advantages，plant extracts have emerged as a major focus in research and applications aimed at replacing antibiotics in livestock and poultry production. However，systematic and comprehensive knowledge regarding the active components of plant extracts and their mechanisms in supporting intestinal health remains limited，which significantly constrains the effective application of bioactive plant extracts in healthy animal farming. This review summarizes research conducted over the past decade on the role of plant extracts in animal intestinal health，aiming to provide a theoretical reference for the further development and utilization of plant extracts in sustainable livestock and poultry production.

Research Progress on Porcine Rotavirus

LUO Haojian, WANG Yiqiao, LIN Junjie, LIU Yingying, LI Wenjun, HU Meirong, YANG Aobing, HUANG Shujian

2026, 51(2):  89-97.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.02.13

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In recent years，porcine rotavirus（PoRV）has shown a high incidence trend worldwide and has surpassed traditional pathogens such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus（PEDV）and transmissible gastroenteritis virus（TGEV）to become the dominant cause diarrhea in piglets. The virus exhibits high tissue tropism，primarily infecting the small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells of piglets from birth to weaning（1-6 weeks of age）. Clinically， infected piglets present with markedly increased defecation frequency and pass watery，light yellow or grayish?white feces，accompanied by rapid dehydration and electrolyte imbalance，ultimately leading to death from circulatory failure. Furthermore，intestinal barrier damage caused by the virus predisposes affected piglets to secondary infections by other pathogenic bacteria，with morbidity rates in piglet populations reaching as high as 100%. Currently，the prevalence of porcine rotavirus has become a key factor restricting the sustainable development of the pig farming industry. The segmental nature of the viral genome facilitates recombination with rotaviruses from other host species. In recent years，the identification of human? porcine recombinant strains and novel native variants has raised concerns regarding potential zoonotic transmission. This article systematically reviews the etiological characteristics， epidemiology and genetic variations，pathological changes and pathogenic mechanisms，diagnostic methods，and vaccine development progress associated with porcine rotavirus，with the aim of providing a comprehensive overview of current research advancements and establishing a theoretical basis for assessing the risk of cross?species transmission of this virus.

Low Protein, Low Soybean Meal, Diversified Diet Formulation for Swine

Li Hualei，Liu Yunfei，Yang Rou，Wang Jian，Zhang Chayun，Pei Guohai，Wen Zhe

2026, 51(2):  98-103.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.02.14

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Amid growing food security concerns，tightening environmental policies，and the demand for sustainable animal husbandry，low?protein，low?soybean?meal diversified diet technology for pigs has become a major research focus in the industry. This technology is grounded in the net energy and balanced amino acid nutrition theory. By precisely supplementing synthetic amino acids，soybean meal inclusion is reduced，and dietary crude protein level are lowered by 2%-4%. Through pretreatment of soybean meal alternatives，addition of functional additives，the optimization of processing techniques，and application of dynamic formulation models，anti?nutritional factors are effectively mitigated，utilization of unconventional protein sources is enhanced，and synergistic balance among dietary nutrition，cost，and environmental benefits is achieved. This paper comprehensively elaborates on the theoretical basis and key technologies for formulating low?protein，low?soybean?meal diversified diets for pigs，providing technical reference for the low?carbon transformation of the pig breeding industry.

Analysis of Modernization Pathways for Regional Specialty Agriculture: A Case Study of the Layer Industry in Maoming City, Guangdong Province

LAI Jinlun

2026, 51(2):  104-109.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.02.15

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This paper examines the layer industry in Maoming City，Guangdong Province，with the aim of exploring practical pathways for modernization of regional characteristic agriculture. Through a systematic analysis of the industry‘s scale，structure，technical capacity，and supply chain configuration，the study identifies key challenges that constrain its development. In response，strategic recommendations are proposed to achieve high?quality growth，focusing on strengthening policy guidance，promoting integrated supply chain upgrading，developing distinctive brands，establishing a modern management system，and reinforcing safety and biosecurity protocols. The study concludes that the modernization of Maoming’s layer industry holds substantial practical significance for supporting the regional agricultural economy and ensuring the stability of the“Food Basket”project for the Guangdong? Hong Kong?Macao Greater Bay Area. Moreover，the pathways identified in this study offer valuable insights for the development of similar characteristic agricultural industries in other regions.

Detection of Tick-borne Pathogens and Integrated Control Strategies in a Kennel of Guangdong Province

YANG Chenghang

2026, 51(2):  110-114.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.02.16

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To investigate tick species diversity，major tick?borne pathogens，and their seasonal dynamics in a dog breeding facility in Guangdong，this study randomly collected tick samples from various adult dogs and the surrounding environment. Molecular biological detection （PCR and nested PCR） was employed，followed by bioinformatic analysis of genetic markers such as 16S rRNA or 18S rRNA to systematically characterize pathogen types and seasonal distribution patterns. Results showed that the predominant tick species was Rhipicephalus sanguineus （belonging to the family Ixodidae，genus Rhipicephalus），mainly active from May to September，peaking in July， with markedly reduced activity in winter. Mixed infections with multiple pathogens were detected，primarily involving Babesia，Ehrlichia，and Anaplasma. Based on these findings，an integrated strategy for the prevention and control of tick?borne diseases was proposed，centered on“environmental intervention—chemical control—health monitoring”， providing a scientific reference for the management of similar dog breeding facilities.

Coordinated Development of Talent Cultivation and Higher Vocational Education for the Transformation and Upgrading of the Swine Industry

QUAN Hongyan, ZHANG Zheying, WANG Ailing, XIE Shuihua

2026, 51(2):  115-120.  DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2026.02.17

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“Secure pork supply，stable nation。”As the largest agricultural sector in China，the pig farming industry represents a market worth valued at over one trillion yuan. However，this vast industry is confronted with a structural imbalance between talent supply and demand. On one hand，the push for intelligent upgrading has increased the demand for highly educated professionals；on the other hand，the remote location and enclosed working environment of pig farms limit their attractiveness to such talent，impeding the flow of skilled personnel to the frontline. Meanwhile，students in higher vocational education are drawn to the industry’s high salaries and career prospects，yet their relatively low educational attainment and insufficient professional background often leave them ill? prepared for farm management roles，creating a competency gap that fails to meet industry needs. This paper analyzes this employment mismatch and proposes integrated strategies—including curriculum reform，strengthened industry– academia collaboration，and resource sharing—to cultivate a workforce capable of supporting the sustainable and high? quality development of the industry.