Abstract: Lysozyme， a naturally occurring multifunctional protein， exerts antibacterial effects through peptidoglycan（PG） hydrolysis and a cation ? dependent，non ? enzymatic mechanism. It also possesses antiviral properties by binding to cellular receptors or viral particles，thereby inhibiting viral entry，sequestering viral nucleic acids，and inhibiting virus?induced cell fusion. These mechanisms contribute to its broad application value across diverse fields such as food preservation，adjunctive medical therapy，and livestock production. Antibiotics are widely used in livestock production to treat bacterial infections，boost animal immunity，and reduce the risk of disease transmission. However，the overuse or misuse of antibiotics can lead to bacterial resistance，drug residues，and potential health risks. Therefore，lysozyme，as a promising alternative，holds great potential in promoting the transition to antibiotic?free，sustainable livestock production. This review provides an overview of the antibacterial and antiviral mechanisms of lysozyme，along with the latest research on its applications in livestock production. It also addresses the technical challenges and limitations encountered in its practical use. The aim is to offer a theoretical basis for the scientific application of lysozyme in the healthy farming of livestock and poultry and to facilitate its industrial development as an antibiotic alternative.

Key words: Lysozyme；Antiviral；Livestock and poultry production；Antibiotic?free production

摘要： 溶菌酶作为一种天然存在的多功能蛋白质，可通过肽聚糖（PG）水解作用和阳离子依赖性的非酶学机制发挥抗菌作用，也能通过与细胞受体或病毒颗粒结合阻断病毒入侵、结合病毒核酸、抑制病毒介导的细胞融合抵御病毒入侵，在食品保鲜、医药辅助治疗和畜牧生产等多个领域展现出重要的应用价值。抗生素在畜牧生产上被广泛用于治疗细菌性感染，增强动物免疫力，并降低疫病传播风险，然而滥用抗生素可能导致细菌耐药性、药物残留及潜在的健康问题，因此，溶菌酶作为一种替代性方案，在推进绿色畜牧生产无抗化进程中具有巨大潜力。该文综述了溶菌酶的抗菌抗病毒作用机制及其在畜牧生产中的应用研究进展，同时探讨了实际生产中存在的技术瓶颈和应用限制，以期为溶菌酶在畜禽健康养殖中的科学应用提供理论依据，并推动其替代抗生素的产业化发展。

关键词: 溶菌酶；抗病毒；禽畜生产；无抗化