Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science

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Comparative analysis on Hyperpigmentation of the Visceral Peritoneum in Nine Chinese Yellow⁃feathered Broilers

HE Jingyi, HE Yanhua, LIU Tianfei, LUO Wei, CHEN Peng, JI Jian, LUO Chenglong, SHU Dingming

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (1): 1-7. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.01.01

Abstract （297）

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The study was aimed to investigate the characteristics of Hyperpigmentation of the Visceral Peritoneum（HVP）in nine yellow⁃feather broilers. In this study，we analyzed the relationship between HVP and body weight（BW），Shank circumference（SC），and sex in nine 21⁃day⁃old yellow⁃feathered broiler lines（n=6 223）. The results showed that there were significant differences in HVP traits among different strains in different population genetic backgrounds（ P<0.05）. Notably local chicken exhibited a higher proportion of peritoneal black level 3 compared to specialized breeding lines. Under the same population genetic background，eight strains showed highly significant differences（ P<0.01）in HVP，body weight，and Shank circumference，with lower BW and SC in the peritoneal black grade 3. Additionally，when males and females were analyzed separately，the HVP level was higher in the female chickens（ P<0.01）. The findings from our experiment suggested that selective breeding for lower HVP levels should prioritize local chicken breeds and hen groups，which provide a basis for future yellow⁃feathered broiler breeding and production.

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Effect of Insect Antimicrobial Peptides in Drinking Water on Performance，Meat and Egg Quality of European Pigeons and Squabs

CAI Yuanrong, LAN Liubin, XU Kunjie, WEI Baoning, CHEN Xiaoyu, CHANG Kaiyue, WANG Ziying, HAN Yuanhao, LUO Yongquan, WU Zhongping, CHEN Yitian, LIANG Yayan, ZHANG Xumeng

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (1): 8-15. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.01.02

Abstract （355）

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In recent years，insect antimicrobial peptides（AMPs），as an antiplastic product，have been widely used in livestock and poultry production，in order to improve the growth performance and continuously promote the healthy development. In order to explore the effects of different AMPs levels on the growth performance，meat and egg quality of European pigeons and squabs，360 pairs of healthy European pigeons were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups. The blank control group was fed with water. Three experimental groups added AMPs at doses of 200 g/t， 400 g/t，and 600 g/t respectively to the drinking water，and the experimental period was 30 d. The results showed that the diarrhea number，enteritis and weight ratio of litter decreased（P<0.05），the weight increased（P<0.05），and the half chamber rate，chest muscle rate，leg muscle rate and shear force increased（P<0.05）. The thickness of the blunt end of the eggshell decreased（P<0.05） while egg weight，transverse diameter，longitudinal diameter，eggshell strength，protein weight，yolk weight，yolk ratio and Haugh unit（P>0.05）. The experiment showed that adding 600 g/t AMPs to drinking water could significantly reduce the diarrhea，enteritis and litter weight ratio of European pigeons， improve the growth performance and slaughter performance，but it reduced the meat tenderness. Therefore，adding 600 g/t AMPs to the drinking water of European pigeon can improve the production performance，providing a good way for pigeon healthy breeding.

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Effects of Compound Enzyme Preparations and Seaweed Oligosaccharides on Performance，Serum Biochemical Indexes and Meat#br# Quality of Huaxiang Black Pigs#br#

WU Qiwen, XIONG Yunxia, FAN Fuhao, MAO Jie, HE Qingqian, LI Zhiming, YE Xiufeng, GAO Kaiguo

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (1): 16-22. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.01.03

Abstract （232）

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To investigate the effects of dietary adding compound enzyme preparation and seaweed oligosaccharides on growth performance，and pork quality of Huaxiang black pigs，120 pigs with the average body weight of 80 kg were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 replicates per group and 10 pigs per replicate. The treatments were control group （feeding a basal diet），enzyme preparation group （feeding the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg complex enzyme preparation），and oligosaccharide group（feeding the basal diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg algal oligosaccharide）. The experiment lasted for 40 days. The results showed that compared to the control group，adding complex enzyme preparation increased the average daily gain（P<0.05）， increased the content of flavoring amino acids in longissimus dorsi muscle，and reduced the drip loss（P<0.05）. Compared to the control group，addition of oligosaccharides increased the redness，intramuscular fat content，and flavor amino acid content of longissimus dorsi muscle（P<0.05）. In conclusion，the compound enzyme preparation can improve the performance of pigs，and the addition of compound enzyme preparation and oligosaccharides can improve the meat quality of pigs.

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Effects of Rosemary Residue in Diet on the Reproductive Performance in Gestating Sows

HE Yiping, TANG Jianping, CAO Xiaojian, LI Yulin, CHEN Xiaoqiang, DONG Xingzhou, XU Wen

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (1): 23-27. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.01.04

Abstract （234）

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The experiment aims to investigate the effects of adding 2% rosemary residue to the diet on reproductive performance including piglet birth weight and live birth rate in pregnant sows. Using a completely randomized experimental design，a total of 60 Large White × Landrace sows with consistent breed，parity，similar physical condition，and good health were selected for mating. They were divided into two treatment groups，the control group and the experimental group，with 30 sows in each group and one pig in each replicate. The average fat score of the two groups of sows was not significantly different（ P>0.05）. The control group of pregnant sows were fed a basic diet，while the experimental group was added 2% rosemary residue as a substitute for beet meal on the basic diet. The experiment lasted for 114 days. The results showed that using 2% rosemary residue in the diet of pregnant sows had no adverse effects on their reproductive performance and significantly reduce feed costs.

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Effects of Green Forage on Performance of Magang Geese during Brooding Period

DONG Kaiting, LIANG Zijin, YUAN Chuangui, SHEN Xu, JIANG Danli, HUANG Yunmao, PAN Jianqiu, OUYANG Hongjia

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (1): 28-32. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.01.05

Abstract （188）

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To investigate the effects of green forage on growth performance of Magang Goslings（1-28 days old）， 100 healthy Magang goslings（1⁃day old）from the same batch were randomly divided into experimental group and control group（n=50）with 5 replicates per group and 10 geese per replicate，and were fed until 28 days of age. During the experiment，both groups were provided with ad libitumaccess to feed and water，and the experimental group was fed a diet that included both formula feed and green forage，while the control group was fed only formula feed. The survival rate，daily feed intake，body weight and body size of goslings were recorded，and the ratio of feed to weight was calculated. The findings indicated no significant differences in body weight，daily gain and feed to gain ratio between the two groups during the initial 1 ⁃ 14 days. However，from day 15 to 28，the feed to gain ratio of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group（P<0.05），while daily weight gain and the body weight of d21 and d28 was significantly higher than that of the control group（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in body size between the two groups at the early stage of brooding，but at d28，the individual size indexes of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group（P<0.05）. The results showed that the addition of green forage in the brooding stage of Magang geese could promote the growth and development of geese and reduce the feed⁃to⁃weight ratio. This experiment provides a reference for the addition of green forage in large⁃scale breeding of Magang geese，but the amount and proportion of specific green forage added and its impact on subsequent breeding geese still need to be further explored.

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Effects of Fresh Fermented Rapeseed Meal on the Growth rate，Serum Biochemical Indexes，Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity，Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activity and Intestinal Flora in Grass Carp

WANG Yilin, WANG Yajun, CHEN Jianchou, ZHU Xuezhi, SHI Anning, WANG Yue, LIAO Jingxuan, LIU Liyan

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (1): 33-42. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.01.06

Abstract （469）

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The experiment was to study the effects of different levels of moist fermented rapeseed meal fermented by Bacillus subtilis on the growth，serum physiology and biochemistry，intestinal digestibility and intestinal flora of grass carp（Ctenopharyngodon idella）. A total of 450 grass carp with an initial average weight of（51.60±0.56）g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates and 30 fish per replicate. The amount of moist fermented rapeseed meal in each group was 0（control group），10%，20%，30% and 40%，respectively，and the amount of rapeseed meal was reduced accordingly. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed that the condition factor of 20% and 40% moist fermented rapeseed meal groups was significantly higher than that of control group（ P<0.05）. The contents of total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein in 40% group were significantly higher than those in control group（ P<0.05）. Dietary supplementation of more than 20% of moist fermented rapeseed meal significantly increased intestinal α⁃amylase activity（ P<0.05），and dietary supplementation of more than 30% of moist fermented rapeseed meal significantly increased intestinal trypsin activity（ P<0.05）. With the increase of the replacement level of moist fermented rapeseeds，the numbers of Firmicutes，verrucobacteria and actinobacteria in intestinal tract increased， while the numbers of Proteobacteria and chloromyces decreased. Under the experimental conditions，moist fermented rapeseed meal had a certain growth⁃promoting effect，which could improve intestinal digestive enzyme activity and intestinal flora composition. The feed prepared with 20% moist fermented rapeseed meal is more beneficial to increase the fatness of grass carp，increase the lipid metabolism capacity of liver，reduce the oxidative damage of liver and improve the intestinal flora. The feed prepared with 30% and 40% moist fermented rapeseed meal formula has a good effect on improving intestinal digestive enzymes of grass carp.

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Study on the Occurrence Patterns of Ketosis in Dairy Cows based on Dairy Herd Improvement Data

LI Fengxia, GUO Jianchao, LIU Jianying

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (1): 43-45. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.01.07

Abstract （184）

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In order to explore the use of DHI（Dairy Herd Improvement，DHI）data to analyze the occurrence patterns of ketosis in cows，this article conducted an in.depth analysis of the DHI measurement data，lactation stages， and seasons of a cattle herd in a large ranch in the south of China for a production year. The results indicate that in the early lactation stage，the incidence of ketosis is higher in the third and fourth quarters，β-Hydroxybutyric acid has the strongest correlation with lactose，while acetone has the strongest correlation with urea nitrogen.

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Establishment of the Real⁃time Fluorescent PCR Method for Camelpox Virus

ZHU Daozhong, MEI Mingzhu, LI Ming, TONG Tiezhu, WANG Ying, DING Ning, XU Juan, WANG Chunxia

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (1): 46-51. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.01.08

Abstract （258）

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Camelpox（CML）is a widespread infectious viral disease of camels that occurs mostly in the Middle East and in North East Africa on a substantial scale and causes huge economic losses to the camel industry. In the present study，the homology comparison of the complete genome nucleotide sequences of 13 camelpox virus isolates published in GenBank were performed，then a set of specific primers and a specific probe based on their conserved sequences of the ATIP gene were designed and a real⁃time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction（PCR）assay was developed. The results showed that this method had high specificity，good repeatability，high sensitivity，and its minimum detectable limit was 7.8 copies/μL.

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Isolation，Identification and Drug Resistance Analysis of Klebsiella Pneumoniae in Ring⁃tailed Lemurs

ZENG Fanwen, SA Jiaqi, ZUO Kejing, WANG Guoqian, Huang Kang, CHEN Xuanjiao

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (1): 52-58. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.01.09

Abstract （198）

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In order to determine the cause of death of rong⁃tailed lemurs in a zoo in Guangdong Province，the methods were conducted through clinical autopsy and collection of disease materials，bacterial isolation and culture， morphological observation，16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing analysis，virulence gene detection and drug susceptibility test. The results showed that a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated in this study. The amplified fragment of 16S rRNA gene of the isolated strain was 1459 bp and the sequence similarity with 12 reference strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae on NCBI was more than 99.86% . Virulence gene test result showed that the bacterium contained uge，wabG，aereobctin，khe，rmpA，ureA and fimH virulence genes. The results of drug susceptibility test showed that the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin，penicillin，erythromycin and lincomycin in different degrees. This study provides a basis for the diagnosis and rational drug against Klebsiella pneumoniae in ring⁃tailed lemurs，as well as a reference for the prevention and control of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

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Research Progress on the Application of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Pork Quality

CUI Yiyan, ZHOU Ningqiang, HUANG Zijun, WU Jieli, LUO Xuehui, MA Xianyong, YU Miao

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (1): 59-66. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.01.10

Abstract （222）

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Chinese herbal medicine contains various bio⁃active compounds，such as polyphenols，alkaloids， polysaccharides，thanks to which Chinese herbal medicine has many pharmacological effects for example antioxidant， anti⁃inflammatory，and antibacterial. Chinese herbal medicine not only promotes animal growth and health，but also improves meat quality and flavor，which is of great significance to the feed industry and human health. This article reviews the characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine and its application in pork quality，in order to provide reference for further research on the effect of Chinese herbal medicine on meat quality.

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Risks and Strategies in Safety of Prepared Livestock and Poultry Meat Dishes

HUANG Yuan, ZHANG Pian, CHEN Huiqian, YAO Yue, WU Jieli, CHEN Jinliang, WANG Xiaohu, WANG Gang

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (1): 67-71. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.01.11

Abstract （298）

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In recent years，China‘s prepared dishes industry has developed unprecedentedly and has become a sunrise industry supported by the central and various levels of government. However，the safety and hygiene issues of prepared dishes have raised concerns among consumers. Prepared livestock and poultry meat dishes account for an important proportion in prepared dishes，and the solution to their safety and hygiene issues affects the public’s acceptance of prepared dishes products. This article analyzed the safety and hygiene risks of the whole supply chain of prepared animal and poultry meat dishes as following：veterinary drug residues，excessive heavy metals，pesticide contamination，and disease pathogens in the breeding process；the use of illegal additives and excessive additives in the processing process，refrigeration temperature issues in storage and transportation；packaging damage，and contaminated impurities. This paper offered the following solutions from the perspective of enterprises：actively build quality standards and standard systems； actively cooperate， participate and promote the construction of the certification system；establish traceable management system；applicate new technologies，including the new detection methods，physical preservation techniques for meat，and new refrigeration technologies.

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Research Progress on the Canine Social Behavior and Human⁃dog Relationship

HUANG Huiwen, LIU Yuwen, GUO Yan, DENG Baichuan, ZHANG Lingna

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (1): 72-81. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.01.12

Abstract （731）

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Throughout the long history of co⁃evolution with humans，dogs have developed a superior ability in the understanding and utilization of social signals within human society compared to other animals. While there has been considerable foreign research on dog social behavior and cognition and the human⁃dog relationship，this area of study is relatively new in China. This review summarizes the research progress on dog social cognitive abilities in human⁃dog interactions，focusing on the understanding and use of human social signals by dogs，their ability to send social signals to humans，and factors that influence dog social abilities with humans（i.e.，environmental，physiological，and genetic factors）. Currently，human understanding of dog social behavior is inadequate，with most research confined to laboratory settings and having limited practical application. Further research could provide scientific evidence for improving dog social behavior and human⁃dog interactions，fostering a more harmonious relationship between humans and dogs.

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Effects of Different Incubation Programs and Types of Incubators on the Hatching Performance of Pigeon Embryos

XU Kunjie, HUANG Xiaofeng, YANG Hongqiu, WANG Ziying, CHANG Kaiyue, CAI Yuanrong, SHAO Linlei, LAN Liubin, HE Haopeng, LIN Chuanghao, LIN Suiyuan, XU Haoze, CHEN Yitian, ZHANG Xumeng, WU Zhongping

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (1): 82-87. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.01.13

Abstract （204）

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The incubator is an important part of the artificial hatching of embryos in farms to improve production efficiency. An incubator with a reasonable internal structure design can effectively improve the hatching efficiency of the farm. The hatching program controls the incubator to operate automatically at each stage to ensure the relative stability of the environment inside the box. The design of a suitable hatching program should consider five factors such as temperature，humidity，ventilation，egg cooling and egg turning. Among them，temperature and humidity are the key conditions that determine the hatching effect. Formulating a scientific change in temperature and humidity can greatly improve the hatching effect of embryos. In order to understand the influence of different hatching programs and incubators on the hatching effect of pigeon embryos，this experiment set up two hatching programs and used two incubators. A total of 9，000 fertilized pigeon embryos were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups，with 3 replicates in each group and 1，000 in each replicate. The experimental settings are：Group A（a incubator + two ⁃ stage constant temperature），Group B（b incubator + two ⁃ stage constant temperature），and Group C（b incubator + single ⁃ stage variable temperature hatching）. The hatching results of the three groups of pigeon embryos，including data such as infertile eggs，dead embryos，healthy chicks，and weak and disabled chicks，were recorded. The results showed that in terms of hatching effect，the hatching rate and dead embryo rate of the single ⁃ stage variable temperature group C were better than those of the two ⁃ stage constant temperature hatching group B，with a significant difference（P<0.05）；the hatching rate of group A was slightly higher than that of group B，with no significant difference（P>0.05）. In terms of hatching effect，the hatching rate and healthy chick rate of group A and group C were higher than those of group B，with no significant difference（P>0.05）. There is no significant difference in the hatching effect between a and b incubators，but the hatching rate and healthy chick rate are slightly higher than those of b incubators，and the hatching window is slightly longer than that of b incubators. Each has its own advantages. Through the analysis of the hatching and hatching effects of pigeon embryos by two hatching programs and two incubators，the study has proved that single ⁃ stage variable temperature hatching is more suitable for the hatching needs of pigeon embryos and can be promoted to actual production as a new hatching program，providing design ideas for the hatching of pigeon embryos at the grass ⁃ roots level and the production of incubators.

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Analysis of Practical Effects and Economic Benefits of the Contract System in the Feeding and Management of Nursery and Finishing Pigs

LIANG Longhua, HUANG Xiaohui, QIN Guoxi, SUN Rushui, MA Xiaoyu, CHEN Wenye, HE Rijing, LAN Xiaofei, GAO Kaiguo

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (1): 88-92. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.01.14

Abstract （246）

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In recent years，in the context of the continuous fluctuation of the live pig market，in order to seek an effective path to reduce costs and increase efficiency，this study focused on the innovation of internal management mechanism，introduced and implemented the contract system model in the feeding management of nurseries and finishing pigs，and explored and analyzed different coverage rates of the contract system（0 in the control group，test group I &Ⅱ；50%，trial group Ⅱ ≥50% and trial group Ⅲ 100%）of feeding management and economic benefits. The results showed that：compared with the control group，there were no significant differences in final weight，average daily gain，feed to gain ratio，FSA，mortality and feed weight gain cost in experimental group Ⅱ when the contract system coverage rate was ≥50% during the whole feeding process（ P>0.05），but the fattening and weight gain cost was significantly decreased（ P<0.01）；When the coverage rate of contract system was 100%，the final weight and FSA of trial group Ⅲ increased significantly（ P<0.01），feed to gain ratio，mortality rate，feed weight gain cost and fattening weight gain cost were significantly decreased （ P <0.01）. To sum up，the fattening contract system significantly improves production performance，effectively reduces production costs，and improves economic benefits. According to the fattening pig sales unit price of 18 yuan /kg，the average fattening profit of test group Ⅱ and Ⅲ was improved. The deep⁃level reason analysis reveals that the implementation of the pig contract system can stimulate the labor enthusiasm and initiative of employees，which provides a powerful internal management mechanism innovation direction for the sustainable development of the pig farming industry.

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Research on the Artificial Breeding Techniques of Bungarus Multicinctus Blyth

CHEN Xiaotong, LIN Hui, HUANG Mian, CHEN Xuanjiao, WEI Wenkang, CHEN Weiping, CHAO Zhi

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (1): 93-98. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.01.15

Abstract （683）

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Abstract：Jinqian Baihua She is a highly-demanded precious crude drug derived from the dried juvenile body of Bungarus multicinctus Blyth（Yin Huan She）. It is necessary to promote and standardize the artificial breeding of B. multicinctus to assure its sustainable development. In this article，some explorations had been conducted on adult snake breeding，snake egg hatching，and infant snake nurturing. In terms of adult snake breeding，a breeding model of“multi-layer three-dimensional snake house”was proposed，and the layout of breeding boxes and specifications of breeding equipment were listed；an environmental humidity of 60%-65% was found to be suitable for the growth of B. multicinctus. In terms of hatching，it was found the eggs had a high hatching rate in yellow sandy soil at 27 ℃ and 88% humidity，and an approach for moisturizing the eggs was proposed. In terms of infant snakes nurturing，some first feeding bait were tested，among which newly hatched pond loach［Misgurnus anguillicaudatus（Cantor）］was the most preferred. The research might be valuable in the scientific breeding of B. multicinctus and the production of Jinqian Baihua She for reference.

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Diagnosis，Prevention and Control of Mixed Infection Cases in the Reserve Breeding Pigeons Flock of a Large⁃scale Pigeon Farm in Guangdong

ZHU Xiaohua, CHEN Xiaobing, ZOU Yue, GU Xingge, BAI Yinshan, LIU Guoqian

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (1): 99-104. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.01.16

Abstract （242）

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Through epidemiological investigation，clinical symptom observation，necropsy analysis，bacterial isolation and identification，and viral detection，this study examined multi⁃pathogen infections and drug susceptibility in reserve breeding pigeons from a large⁃scale pigeon farm in Guangdong under high⁃temperature and high⁃humidity conditions. The results revealed that the diseased pigeon flock was primarily infected with Newcastle disease virus （NDV），H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus，and pigeon circovirus（PiCV），accompanied by co⁃infections with Escherichia coli and Salmonella. Drug susceptibility testing showed that the pathogens were highly sensitive to gentamicin.The findings suggest that PiCV infection may enhance the susceptibility of pigeons to H9N2 avian influenza and play a critical role in mixed infections. This study provides clinical evidence for understanding the mechanisms of mixed infections in pigeons under immunosuppressive conditions and offers valuable insights for the comprehensive prevention and control of pigeon diseases.

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Assessment of PCV2 Infection and Immuization Efficacy in a Large⁃Scaled Pig Farm in Guangdong

WEI Xiaoqi, XV Nuo, YAO Jianhui, ZHONG Weilin, YAN Guangzhi, CHEN Shengnan, LIU Mingjie, HUANG Liangzong

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (1): 105-119. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.01.17

Abstract （335）

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The study aimed to evaluate the infection status of Porcine circovirus type 2（PCV2） and the effectiveness of immunization in a large⁃scale pig farm in Guangdong. Fluorescence quantitative PCR（qPCR）and ELISA were used to test 140 blood samples collected from the pig farm. The results showed that after immunization at 14 days of age，the average S/P value of Cap protein antibodies in piglets reached the highest at 1.093 at 21 days of age，with the highest antibody positive rate reaching 92%. In pigs aged from 90 to 198 days，the S/P value of Cap protein antibodies decreased from 0.764 to 0.418，and the antibody positive rate decreased from 80% to 35% ， indicating a downward trend in antibody levels after 90 days of age. In pigs aged from 133 to 198 days，the positive rate of Rep protein antibodies increased from 10% to 45%，and the nucleic acid positive rate increased from 10% to 95%. Moreover，42.1%（8/19）of the positive samples had a viral load greater than 107 copies/mL，suggesting that PCV2 infection occurred in the fattening pigs of this farm. The experiment showed that PCV2 infection occurred in the pig population around 133 days of age in this farm. The results of pathogen and serological testing provide a reference for optimizing the immunization program.

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Pathogen Detection and Analysis of Sow Abortions in a Pig Farm in Guangdong

NIE Jingjing, CHEN Jialu, CHEN Jiayue, XU Shaodong, QU Yunzhi, LIU Zhicheng, ZHANG Jianfeng, ZHANG Chunhong

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (1): 110-117. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.01.18

Abstract （223）

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In January 2024，some pregnant sows experienced clinical cases such as miscarriage and stillbirth in a large⁃scale pig farm in Guangdong Province. To diagnose the cause of the outbreak，blood samples from aborting sows and organs samples from stillborn fetuses were collected. Common pathogens causing miscarriage in sows，such as Porcine Circovirus 2/3（PCV2/3），Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2（PRRSV2），Porcine Pseudorabies Virus（PRV），Toxoplasma gondii，etc。，have been detected using fluorescence quantitative PCR methods. Then，the genotypes and subtypes of the detected pathogens were to identify via nucleic acid sequencing analysis. In addition，the bacterial pathogens were isolated and identified，and used for screening sensitive drugs to guide clinical medication. The results showed that PCV2d and Aeromonas rivipollensis are the main pathogens causing the disease of pregnant sows in this pig farm，and the latter is sensitive to penicillin，amoxicillin，cefradine，and florfenicol，indicating that these candidate drugs can be used for clinical treatment.

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Serological Survey of Horse Chlamydia Infection in Some Areas of Guangxi

WU Qilin, BI JingShan, ZOU Lianbin, WU Jianhao, SU JiaoXiu, WEI Zhengji, ZHENG Min

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (1): 118-120. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.01.19

Abstract （155）

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In order to understand the infection and prevalence of Chlamydia among horses in some area of Guangxi province，988 serum samples collected from 12 counties of Baise and Hechi in 2021-2023 were conducted indirect hemagglutination test（IHA）. Results showed that the positive rates of antibody against Chlamydia in horses from Baise and Hechi were 11.62%（65/542）and 12.56%（56/446）respectively，positive rates detected in Tianyang district，Lingyun county and Bama county were relatively high among 12 counties. From 2021 to 2023，positive rates of antibody against Chlamydia in horses were 13.28%（32/241），10.78%（33/306）and 12.19%（54/443），while average positive rates were 12.04%（119/988）in total. Positive rates of antibody against Chlamydia in stallions and mares were 11.49%（55/480）and 12.6%（64/508），showing no significant difference between different genders. Results of this study have enriched the background data on the prevalence of Chlamydia infection among livestock， especially in horse herds，in China.

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Optimization of the Extraction Process and Analysis of the Antioxidant Activity of Phlorizin from Litchi Shell

MENG Hongru, XU Shuangyuan, LIN Zhihao, SUN Mingfei, LIU Wenjun, QI Nanshan, LI Juan, ZHANG Xiaoai, LIN Xuhui, LV Minna, CAI Haiming, SONG Yongle, CHEN Xiangjie, ZHU Yibin, ZHANG Jianfei, LI Yingxin, LIAO Shenquan

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (2): 1-7. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.02.01

Abstract （325）

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To optimize the extraction process of phlorizin from litchi pericarp and assess its antioxidant activity，we enhanced the extraction efficiency by optimizing several parameters，including the solid⁃liquid ratio，solvent concentration， extraction temperature，solvent pH，and extraction duration. The antioxidant activity of phlorizin was analyzed using the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. Single⁃factor experimental results indicated the following extraction rates：a solid⁃liquid ratio of 1∶40 yielded 1.22% phlorizin，a 65% ethanol solution resulted in 1.20%，a water bath temperature of 60 ℃ produced 1.51%，and a solvent pH of 5 achieved 1.58%. After an extraction time of 60 min，the yield of phlorizin reached 1.39%. The optimized extraction conditions included a solid��liquid ratio of 1∶40，65% ethanol concentration，60 ℃ temperature，pH 5，and a 60��minute extraction time. These conditions yielded the extraction rate of phlorizin from litchi shell ranged between 1.16% and 1.39%. The antioxidant activity of the extracts demonstrated that the antioxidant capacity （TEAC value）of the phlorizin extract was 0.34 μg TE/μg，with a total antioxidant capacity of（4.02±1.08）mmol/g. These findings provide a scientific basis for developing antioxidant preparations derived from litchi shell.

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Effects of Alfatoxin B1 on Body Composition，Hepatic Histology and Toxin Accumulation in Lateolabrax Maculatus

DONG Ruiqi, CHEN Bing, HUANG Wen, ZHAO Hongxia, ZHU Xifeng, PENG Kai

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (2): 8-13. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.02.02

Abstract （226）

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This study was conducted to study the effects of dietary alfatoxin B1（AFB1）on body composition，liver histomorphology and toxin accumulation of Lateolabrax maculatus. A total of 480 L. maculatus with an initial body weight of（2.90±0.02）g were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 40 fish per replicate. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets，that are the basal diet G0（without AFB1），G0.1（adding 0.1 mg/kg of AFB1）， G0.5（adding 0.5 mg/kg of AFB1）and G1.0（adding 1.0 mg/kg of AFB1），were fed to apparent satiation during the 56⁃ day feeding trial. Inclusion of 0.1-1.0 mg/kg AFB1 in diets did not affect body composition of fish（ P>0.05），but induced liver tissue injury. With dietary AFB1 increasing，the degeneration and necrosis degree of hepatocytes and fat vacuolization became more serious. AFB1 accumulation in the liver of fish was higher than that in muscle，which was increased with dietary AFB1 increasing（P<0.05）. In conclusion，dietary inclusion of 0.1-1.0 mg/kg AFB1 induced liver tissue injury of L. maculatus. AFB1 accumulation in liver of fish was higher than that in muscle，and was positively correlated with the supplemental level of AFB1 in diets.

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Development and Optimization of Trichomonas Gallinae Infected Animal Model

Jiang Jiahao, Cai Haiming, Liao Shenquan, Qi Nanshan, Li Juan, Lv Minna, Lin Xuhui, Song Yongle, Chen Xiangjie, Zhu Yibin, Zhang Jianfei, Liu Wenjun, Sun Mingfei

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (2): 14-22. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.02.03

Abstract （228）

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Abstract：In this study，different methods and doses for infecting animals with Trichomonas gallinae were compared to determine the optimal modeling approach using various evaluation indices. Thirty uninfected squabs were randomly divided into six groups（n=5 per group）：PBS control group，0.3% Agar+TYM control group，conventional infection group，double infection group，throat spray infection group，and 0.3% Agar+TYM infection group. Each infected squab received a dose of 1×107 T. gallinae organisms daily for five consecutive days. Results showed that only the 0.3% Agar+TYM infection group achieved a 100% infection rate and exhibited a 20% mortality rate. The absolute and relative weight gains in the double infection，throat spray infection，and 0.3% Agar+TYM infection groups were significantly lower than those in+thein the PBS control group. The liver weight and relative liver weight in the 0.3% Agar+TYM infection group were significantly reduced compared to the PBS control group. Similarly，the mean lung weight and relative lung weight in the double infection group were significantly lower than those in the PBS control group. The highest T. gallinae concentrations in oral and pharyngeal swabs were consistently observed in the 0.3% Agar + TYM infection group throughout the study period. To further optimize the 0.3% Agar + TYM method，forty uninfected squabs were divided into eight groups（n=5 per group）：PBS control group，0.4% Agar+TYM control group，and six infection groups using different Agar+TYM concentrations（0.2%，0.3%，and 0.4%）at both low（1× 106）and high（1×107）doses of T. gallinae per day for five consecutive days. All infection groups except for the 0.4% Agar+TYM high⁃dose group achieved 100% infection rates. All infected groups，except the 0.2% Agar+TYM high⁃ dose group，showed significantly lower mean and relative weight gains compared to the PBS control group. The liver weight and relative liver weight were significantly reduced in the 0.3% Agar+TYM low⁃dose，0.3% Agar+TYM high⁃ dose，and 0.4% Agar+TYM high⁃dose infection groups compared to the PBS control group. T. gallinae concentrations in oral and pharyngeal swabs showed a gradual increase from day 3 to day 7 in both the 0.3% Agar+TYM and 0.4% Agar+TYM high⁃dose infection groups. In conclusion，the optimal infection protocol was determined to be 0.3% Agar+ TYM as the suspension medium using a dose of 1×106 T. gallinae organisms per squab administered daily for five consecutive days. This established animal model provides a foundation for anti⁃ T. gallinae drug screening studies and studies on T. gallinae invasion mechanisms.

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Development of Quantitative PCR Method based on SYBR GreenⅠFluorescence for Detecting Subgroup F Avian Leukosis Virus

PAN Honyan, LI Jinqun, LI Qi, YUAN Yilin, CAO Weisheng

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (2): 23-29. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.02.04

Abstract （229）

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To accurately detect subgroup F avian leukosis virus（ALV⁃F），a pair of specific primers F1/F2 were designed according to the env gene of the ALV⁃F epidemic strains，and a SYBR Green Ⅰ fluorescence quantitative PCR detection method for ALV⁃F was established. The condition optimization experiment results showed that the optimal annealing temperature was 64.5 ℃，and the optimal primer concentration was 0.4 μM. The standard curve equation established using the optimal reaction conditions was y=-3.303 x+42.525， R²=0.997，amplification efficiency E=100.8% ，and the copy number of the standard plasmid had a good linear relationship with the Ct value. The specificity results showed that this method can only specifically detect ALV⁃F，and has no cross⁃reaction to ALV⁃A， ALV⁃B，ALV⁃J，ALV⁃K，avian influenza virus（AIV），Marek's virus（MDV），reticuloendotheliosis virus（REV） and chicken infectious anemia virus（CIAV）. The sensitivity results showed that the minimum detection limit of standard plasmid was 4.67×102 copies/μL，and the sensitivity was 1000 times that of routine PCR. The reproducibility results showed that the coefficient of variation of intra⁃assay and inter⁃assay reproducibility was less than 2%. 23 primary cell（PEF）samples prepared from pheasant embryos were detected by using this method，ALV p27 ELISA and routine PCR respectively，and the results showed that the positive detection rates of this method and PCR method were both 95.65%（22/23），while the positive detection rate of ALV p27 ELISA was only 39.13%（9/23）. The total consistency rate of this method with routine PCR was 100%，while the total consistency rate with ALV p27 ELISA was 43.48%. 20 anticoagulated blood samples of pheasant were further detected by using this method，virus isolation method through ALV p27 ELISA and routine PCR method，and the results showed that the positive detection rates of this method and ordinary PCR method were 100.00%（20/20）and 75.00%（15/20），respectively，with an overall compliance rate of 75.00%，while the positive detection rate of the virus isolation method was 0.00%（0/20）. All results indicated that the method established in this study has good specificity，sensitivity and stability to provide technical support for the accurate detection of ALV⁃F.

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Genetic Evolution Analysis of Novel Duck Reovirus σC Protein and Preparation of Polyclonal Antibodies

ZHONG Richeng, LIN Yinsheng, ZHANG Jipei

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (2): 30-36. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.02.05

Abstract （340）

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Novel duck reovirus（NDRV）is capable of inducing a contagious disease in waterfowl，including ducks，Beijing ducks，and geese，which is primarily characterized by irregular hemorrhaging and necrosis of the liver and spleen. In recent years，the incidence of this disease in waterfowl in Guangdong Province has been on the rise. In order to understand the genetic evolution characteristics of the novel duck enteritis virus in Guangdong Province，a strain of NDRV was isolated from affected Muscovy ducks in a duck farm in Foshan，Guangdong. Analysis of the σC gene sequence of this strain revealed that it belongs to the same branch as NDRV，with nucleotide similarity ranging from 95.1% to 99.6%. The genetic distance from typical MDRV and ARV was far，with similarities below 50%. Compared to the SH12 and DH13 strains，this strain showed variations in 15 amino acid residues. To understand the antigenicity of the σC protein of this strain，a pET32a⁃σC plasmid was further constructed，and a method for stable expression of recombinant σC protein in BL21（DE3）was established. Western blot analysis confirmed that this protein can specifically bind to NDRV⁃positive serum and rabbit polyclonal antibodies. This study provides a reference for further understanding the genetic evolution characteristics of NDRV in waterfowl in Guangdong Province and the development of gene⁃engineered vaccines.

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Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Bovine Colostrum Powder on Growth，Antioxidant，Anti⁃inflammatory and Immune Indexs in Adult Cats

REN Yang, TANG Wu, DANG Han, WANG Yingchun

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (2): 37-45. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.02.06

Abstract （326）

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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementing bovine colostrum powder （BCP） on growth performance， fecal scores， blood routine indicators， serum biochemical markers， antioxidant capacity，anti⁃inflammatory capacity and immune function of adult cats. Sixteen adult neutered British blue shorthair cats（eight males and eight females），were randomly divided into two groups with eight replicates in each group. The cats in the control group were fed a basal diet，and the cats in trial group were fed with basal diet with 0.05% BCP. The pretrial period lasted for 7 days and the formal trial period lasted for 28 days. One day before formal trial period，Initial body weights were measured. The daily feed intake of each cat was recorded during the trial. On days 14 and 28，after fasting，body weight was measured and blood samples were collected for serum biochemistry， blood routine，serum antioxidant，anti⁃inflammatory and immune indicators. Fecal scores were measured on days 1， 7，14，21 and 28. The results are as follows：（1）Compared with the control group，there was no significant effect on the growth performance and fecal score of the experimental group（ P>0.05）.（2）The platelet distribution width，total platelet count and platelet hematocrit were significantly increased on day 14（ P<0.05），while the mean volume of red blood cells decreased significantly on day 28（ P<0.05）.（3）On the 14th day，in terms of the experimental group，the value of urea nitrogen/creatinine（BUN/GREA）increased significantly（ P<0.05）（. 4）The levels of malondialdehyde in the experimental group were significantly decreased on the 14th and 28th days（ P<0.05）.（5）On the 28th day，in terms of the experimental group，the levels of interleukin 4 and interleukin 10 were significantly increased（P<0.05）， and the levels of tumor necrosis factor⁃α were significantly decreased（ P<0.05）（. 6）The level of complement 3（C3）in the experimental group increased significantly on day 14（ P<0.05）. It is concluded that adding 0.05% BCP to the diet of adult cats had no negative impacts on growth performance and nutrient digestion of adult cats，but can improve the ability of blood nitrogen metabolism，improve the body's anti ⁃ inflammatory，antioxidant and immune functions， enhance the ability of adult cats to cope with environmental stress，and care for the health of adult cats.

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Advances and Lessons of Foreign Broiler Breeding Industry

LI Weimin, LUO Wei, JI Jian, LUO Chenglong

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (2): 46-50. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.02.07

Abstract （282）

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This paper systematically summarizes the advances of the White⁃feathered broiler breeding industry in concerned developed countries，such as the United States，France，and the Netherlands. It also analyzes the two leading commercial breeding enterprises that dominate the white⁃feathered broiler chicken breed sources：Aviagen，a subsidiary of the German EW Group，and Cobb⁃Vantress，a subsidiary of the Tyson Foods，Inc. of the United States. And thus，the successful experiences and lessons that can be learnt from foreign white⁃feathered broiler chicken breeding are condensed，which can help formulate our strategies for ensuring the security and self⁃sufficiency of broiler breeding industry.

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Effects of Probiotics on Meat Quality of Pigs

CUI Yiyan, ZHOU Ningqiang, MAI Xiaopeng, HUANG Zijun, TANG Ke, LUO Xuehui, MA Xianyong, YU Miao

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (2): 51-58. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.02.08

Abstract （216）

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Meat quality is one of the determining factors for consumers' decision to purchase pork. More and more research is dedicated to producing high- quality and delicious pork to meet the needs of consumers. At present, Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria are probiotics commonly used to improve pork quality, which can improve meat color, reduce drip loss and shear force, increase the content of muscle nutrients and flavor substances, and enhance meaty traits and nutritional value in pork. Probiotics regulate the expression of genes related to nutrient metabolism, improving intestinal metabolism and deposition of fat and protein in meat. It can also affect the expression of genes related to fiber type, growth and development of muscle, reduce muscle lipid peroxidation by maintaining cell membrane integrity, lower water loss rate, and thus improve meat quality. This article reviews commonly used probiotics and their applications in meat quality of pigs, in order to provide scientific basis for the application of probiotics in improving meat quality.

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Biological Functions of Lactobacillus Reuteri and its Application in Animal Nutrition

LIANG Xinxiao

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (2): 59-65. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.02.09

Abstract （331）

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Lactobacillus reuteri is a beneficial Lactobacillus that exists in the intestinal tract of humans and animals，and has attracted extensive attention due to its various biological functions such as immune regulation and antibacterial. The article mainly reviewed the biological functions of Lactobacillus reuteri，its application in animal nutrition，and the research prospect，which may provide a useful reference for the deeper application of Lactobacillus reuteri in animal nutrition.

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Application of Molecular Marker⁃assisted Technique of Recessive White Feather and Dwarf Gene in New Resource Luokeng Chicken

YAN Xia, WANG Chunlan, LI Jing, XU Xinchun, CHEN Weisen, HE Yanhua, CHEN Xihao

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (2): 66-70. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.02.10

Abstract （129）

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To quickly find out the variety characteristics of the new resources of Luokeng chicken，in this study， molecular assisted marker technology involving recessive white⁃feathered （TYR）allele and Z⁃linked dw allele were performed. Consequently，46 heterozygous recessive white⁃feathered individuals were detected，the frequency of the heterozygous recessive white⁃feathered allele in the F0 and F1 generation were 11% and 13.67%，respectively and no Z⁃linked dw allele individual were detected across 356 samples. Altogether，the potential recessive white⁃feathered heterozygotes were totally eliminated within one generation，thus laying a foundation for the further genetic protection of Luokeng chicken.

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Research Progress and Application Prospect of Navigation Mechanism in Pigeon

SHAO Linlei, CHEN Peiqi, XIE Zeting, XU Haoze, LIN Suiyuan, LIN Chuanghao, GUO Shiqi, WU Zhongping, CHEN Yitian, LIANG Yayan, ZHANG Xumeng

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (2): 71-78. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.02.11

Abstract （446）

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In ancient times，pigeons became communication tools due to their navigation ability and good homing performance. Although researchers have extensively explored the navigation mechanism of pigeons over the years，its navigation mechanism is still unclear. This article elaborates on the current research on pigeon flight navigation mechanism from the perspective of natural factors such as solar compass，geomagnetic field，visual clues，olfactory clues，etc. It clarifies that pigeons use solar information as the primary clue to guide navigation behavior，and use geomagnetic information，sensory information，etc. to assist navigation. It also introduces the research progress of using pigeon flight navigation mechanism to develop biological robots，manned flight，and navigation technology，and looks forward to the future development of related technologies. This article summarizes the theoretical research， development，and application of pigeon flight navigation mechanism，providing materials for the future application of related technologies.

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Causes of Odor in Pet Feces and its Improvement Mechanism

LUO Jun, LUO Huayi, DENG Baichuan

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (2): 79-85. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.02.12

Abstract （380）

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The problem of pet feces is not only related to the health status of pets，but also closely related to environmental sanitation and human health. This paper reviews the causes of pet manure odor，odor components and the research and application progress of pet manure deodorization technology. From the perspective of safety， efficiency and sustainable development，the research hotspots of pet manure deodorization were summarized， including specific nutrient regulation，microbial deodorization and biological enzymatic deodorization. In view of the complexity of odor components，a comprehensive strategy from both source and end application is proposed. Application in the source，improve the digestion and absorption rate of nutrients，reduce the formation of odor precursors；in the end application，the transformation and degradation of malodorous organic matter，improve the efficiency of manure deodorization，in order to improve the pet environment and create a harmonious ecology of human pet symbiosis to provide a reference.

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Reasearch Progress on Animal Models of Corneal Defects in Laboratory Animals

LIN Renzhao, LIUYan, TANG Yantao, ZHU Hongchen, GAO Yanan, CHEN Qiang

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (2): 86-90. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.02.13

Abstract （244）

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The review provides a systematic compilation of key preparation techniques，evaluation criteria，and their applications and limitations in ophthalmic research in animal models of corneal defects. By simulating human corneal epithelial injury in animal corneas by means of physical scraping or chemical burns，these models are essential for unraveling the mechanisms of corneal repair，screening drugs and developing new therapies. Despite the structural differences between animal and human corneas and the challenges of model reproducibility，models can be effectively evaluated by fluorescein staining，slit lamp microscopy，and anterior eye segment OCT. Further research shall be devoted to improving the clinical utility of the model and translating the findings into clinical applications to improve the outcomes of patients with keratoconus，thereby improving the quality of life of the patients.

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Research Progress on the Application of Frozen Semen Insemination Technology in Beef Cattle Reproduction

LING Xinhua, ZENG Jia, XU Guobao, ZHONG Shujuan, LIU Xinglong, ZHONG Xiongsheng, TU Ke, LAi Song'en

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (2): 91-96. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.02.14

Abstract （143）

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the application effect and influence of cold essence breeding technology in beef cattle breeding. By summarizing the principle and development history of cold essence breeding technology，combining with the current situation and existing problems of beef cattle breeding in China，the operation process，influencing factors and strategies to improve the success rate of cold essence breeding technology in beef cattle breeding were analyzed. Previous studies have shown that cold��essence breeding technology can significantly improve the breeding efficiency of beef cattle，improve the production performance of offspring，and improve economic benefits. This technology provides a new idea and method for beef cattle breeding and has a broad application prospect.

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Evaluation and Application of Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate in Slaughterhouses Disinfection

YOU Xiaonan, LIU Rongqi, TIAN Jianjun, WANG Runliang, ZHUO Xuejiu, KAN Shifu

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (2): 97-103. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.02.15

Abstract （248）

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To determine the optimal concentration and optimal retention time of sodium dichloroisocyanurate in the slaughtering workshop and pig lairage of slaughterhouses，and the disinfection at different points，this experiment used the viable cell counting method to detect the difference in the number of microorganisms before and after disinfection and studied the disinfection effect of sodium dichloroisocyanurate in the workshop and pig lairage of slaughterhouse. The results show that，considering the cost⁃effectiveness，this experiment chose an effective chlorine concentration of 450 mg/L for disinfection of the slaughtering workshop. The spray volume was controlled at 200 mL/ m2，and the disinfectant was kept in contact more than 15 minutes. Most areas were able to achieve the disinfection effect. The applicable concentration of sodium dichloroisocyanurate in the pig lairage is considered to be 200 mg/L of effective chlorine，with a spray volume of 250 ml/m2. Disinfection for more than 15 minutes can achieve an effect on the ground and walls of the pig lairage．

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The Value and Significance of Air Filtration Technique in the Current Iteration and Upgrading of Biosafety

ZHAO Wenkai, LIU Bowen, ZHU Guojun, WANG LianXiang

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (2): 104-109. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.02.16

Abstract （174）

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Porcine viral diseases damage the health of pig herds and constrain the development of the global pig farming industry. It has a wide variety，including major airborne diseases such as African swine fever and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory syndrome. The article summarizes the biosafety system and iterative direction in the pig industry，and elaborates the value and significance of air filtration technology in the current iterative upgrade of biosecurity through existing research and clinical evidence. Meanwhile，The article introduces the operational principle，scheme design，mode selection and key points of operation and maintenance of the air filtration system， providing reference and inspiration for the application of the air filtration system in the construction of the biosecurity system and pig farms.

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Effects of Different Antipruritic Drugs in Canine Pruritus

SHI Guanwen, OU Zhaojia, LONG Haibin, RAO Gan, HE Jiaxin, HU Minhua

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (2): 110-116. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.02.17

Abstract （221）

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In order to improve the management of dog pruritus and improve the quality of life and animal welfare， 18 dogs with“severe pruritus”grade were selected by visual analogue scale（PVAS）. Olatinib maleate，IL ⁃ 31 monoclonal antibody， peramine， dexamethasone and prednisolone were used respectively. The onset speed， antipruritic effect and adverse reactions of the drugs were compared. The results showed that olatinib had the most rapid and significant antipruritic effect after 4 hours of treatment，and IL ⁃ 31 monoclonal antibody had the most significant antipruritic effect after 8，24，48 and 72 hours of treatment. Dexamethasone and prednisolone caused a significant increase in white blood cells and neutrophils in the affected dogs，and the other treatments were normal. In conclusion，olatinib maleate and IL ⁃ 31 monoclonal antibody have obvious advantages in the speed of onset， antipruritic effect and safety.

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Analysis of Rabies Antibody Monitoring Resnlts in Dogs and Cats in Guangzhou City

CHEN Yu, HUANG Xueying, ZHU Jiancui, CHEN Yuhua, ZHOU Ming, ZHONG Zhuoling, ZHANG Haibing, LIN Hong, LIN Hao, ZHANG Qi, SHEN Dan

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (2): 117-120. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.02.18

Abstract （186）

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In order to evaluate the immune effect of rabies in dogs and cats in Guangzhou，samples of dog and cat serum（1 768 dog serum and 266 cat serum）in Guangzhou were collected for rabies antibody monitoring from 2019 to 2023，and the results were statistically analyzed in this study. The antibody qualification rates of dogs from 2019 to 2023 were 87.99%，78.25%，80.99%，82.61%，and 88.22%，while of the cats were 75.00%，81.82%，100.00%， 95.35%，and 80.00%. The average qualification rate of rabies immune antibodies in dogs and cats was 83.53%. It was concluded that the overall situation of rabies immunization in dogs and cats in Guangzhou is good，but it is still necessary to further strengthen the rabies immunization and monitoring work to reduce the risk of the rabies transmission.

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Prokaryotic Expression of the GAM56 Protein from Eimeria tenella Guangdong Strain and Preparation and Identification of Its Polyclonal Antibodies

JIANG Minghui, SONG Yongle, SU Guanzhi, CHEN Qingbiao, LI Juan, QI Nanshan, LIAO Shenquan, LV Minna, LIN Xuhui, CAI Haiming, ZHANG Xu, SUN Mingfei

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (3): 1-7. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.03.01

Abstract （227）

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To elucidate the biological functions of GAM56 protein in Eimeria tenella，the coding sequence of the gam56 gene was amplified from the cDNA of gametocytes isolated from the Guangdong strain of E. tenella. Subsequently，a truncated prokaryotic expression vector pET⁃B2M⁃GAM56 was constructed，and the recombinant GAM56 protein was expressed in E. coli expression system using IPTG induction. Polyclonal antibodies were generated in BALB/c mice immunized with purified GAM56. The antibody titer and specificity were analyzed using indirect ELISA and Western blot. Gametocyte⁃stage samples of E. tenella（GD）were collected for immunofluorescence assay to evaluate antibody performance. Results revealed that compared with the reference E. tenella（Houghton）strain，the gam56 gene of E. tenella（GD）exhibited a partial terminal deletion，presenting a 1 077 bp CDS encoding 358 amino acids （predicted molecular weight 41.3 kDa）. The truncated GAM56 protein containing conserved regions was predominantly expressed in inclusion bodies. Indirect immunofluorescence assay demonstrated specific recognition of the GAM56 protein at the gametocyte stage，with subcellular localization consistent with literature reports. This study provides critical materials for elucidating the biological functions of GAM56 in the E. tenella（GD）and establishes a foundation for functional investigations of sexual development⁃associated proteins in Eimeria species.

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Effects of Corn Slurry Fermented Protein on Performance，Plasma Biochemical Indices，Muscle Quality，and Texture Characteristics#br# of Qingyuan Partridge Chickens#br#

WANG Yitong, XIONG Taidi, CHEN Liming, QI Zhihao, FAN Qiuli, YE Jinling, LIN Xiajing, HUANG Yunmao, JIANG Shouqun

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (3): 8-15. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.03.02

Abstract （227）

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This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of corn slurry fermented protein on growth performance，plasma biochemical indexes，muscle quality and texture characteristics of Qingyuan Partridge Chickens. A total of 576 healthy 80⁃day⁃old Qingyuan Partridge Chickenss（1∶1 male⁃to⁃female ratio）were randomly allocated into 4 treatment groups，with 6 replicates in each group and 24 chickens in each replicate. Each treatment group was supplemented with 0%（control group），3% ，6% ，and 9% corn slurry fermented protein under isonitrogenous conditions. The results showed that the addition of corn slurry fermented protein to the diet had no negative impact on the growth performance of Qingyuan Partridge Chickens（P>0.05）. Compared with the control group，the 6% corn slurry fermented protein group significantly increased the breast muscle percentage and significantly reduced percentage of abdominal fat（P<0.05）. The addition of corn slurry fermented protein to the diet significantly increased the contents of plasma total protein（TP），albumin（ALB），and immunoglobulin G（IgG）（P<0.05）. Compared with the control group，the plasma blood glucose （Glu） levels of the 9% corn syrup fermented protein group was significantly reduced（P<0.05），and the plasma immunoglobulin A（IgA）levels of the 3% corn syrup fermented protein group was significantly increased（P<0.05）. The addition of 6% corn slurry fermented protein significantly reduced the drip loss rate and pH45min of breast muscle（P<0.05）. The addition of corn slurry fermented protein to the diet significantly improved the hardness，adhesiveness，and chewiness of breast muscle（P<0.05）. Conclusion： The addition of corn slurry fermented protein to the diet can improve the plasma immune function of chickens，reduce the drip loss and pH45min value of muscle，and improve the hardness，adhesiveness，and chewiness of breast muscle， and has no negative impact on growth performance. This shows that corn slurry fermented protein has an improving effect on carcass traits and meat quality of Qingyuan Partridge Chickens，and the best effect is achieved when the corn slurry fermented is added at a level of 3% - 6%.

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Effect of Chocolate Powder on the Performance and Anti⁃diarrhea Effect of Piglets

TANG JianPing, LONG Hongrong, HE YiPing, YUAN Kun, CAO Xiaojian

Guangdong Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science 2025, 50 (3): 16-19. DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.03.03

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of chocolate product on the performance and anti⁃diarrhea of piglet. 66 piglets were randomly divided into 2 groups with 3 replicates of 11 pigs each. The Piglets were fed the control diet or the control diet with 5% chocolate product instead of 2.5% low⁃protein whey powder for 14 days. In this study， compared to the control，dietary supplementation of 5% chocolate product significantly increased the average body weight gain（P<0.01），while dietary supplementation of 5% chocolate product significantly reduced the feed/gain ratio of the Piglets（P<0.01），as well as the diarrhoea rate decreased by 74%. In conclusion，dietary supplementation of 5% chocolate product can improve the growth performance of piglets and reduce the diarrhea rate of piglets. As an alternative to whey powder，chocolate product has great potential.

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