Abstract: Abstract：In this study，different methods and doses for infecting animals with Trichomonas gallinae were compared to determine the optimal modeling approach using various evaluation indices. Thirty uninfected squabs were randomly divided into six groups（n=5 per group）：PBS control group，0.3% Agar+TYM control group，conventional infection group，double infection group，throat spray infection group，and 0.3% Agar+TYM infection group. Each infected squab received a dose of 1×107 T. gallinae organisms daily for five consecutive days. Results showed that only the 0.3% Agar+TYM infection group achieved a 100% infection rate and exhibited a 20% mortality rate. The absolute and relative weight gains in the double infection，throat spray infection，and 0.3% Agar+TYM infection groups were significantly lower than those in+thein the PBS control group. The liver weight and relative liver weight in the 0.3% Agar+TYM infection group were significantly reduced compared to the PBS control group. Similarly，the mean lung weight and relative lung weight in the double infection group were significantly lower than those in the PBS control group. The highest T. gallinae concentrations in oral and pharyngeal swabs were consistently observed in the 0.3% Agar + TYM infection group throughout the study period. To further optimize the 0.3% Agar + TYM method，forty uninfected squabs were divided into eight groups（n=5 per group）：PBS control group，0.4% Agar+TYM control group，and six infection groups using different Agar+TYM concentrations（0.2%，0.3%，and 0.4%）at both low（1× 106）and high（1×107）doses of T. gallinae per day for five consecutive days. All infection groups except for the 0.4% Agar+TYM high⁃dose group achieved 100% infection rates. All infected groups，except the 0.2% Agar+TYM high⁃ dose group，showed significantly lower mean and relative weight gains compared to the PBS control group. The liver weight and relative liver weight were significantly reduced in the 0.3% Agar+TYM low⁃dose，0.3% Agar+TYM high⁃ dose，and 0.4% Agar+TYM high⁃dose infection groups compared to the PBS control group. T. gallinae concentrations in oral and pharyngeal swabs showed a gradual increase from day 3 to day 7 in both the 0.3% Agar+TYM and 0.4% Agar+TYM high⁃dose infection groups. In conclusion，the optimal infection protocol was determined to be 0.3% Agar+ TYM as the suspension medium using a dose of 1×106 T. gallinae organisms per squab administered daily for five consecutive days. This established animal model provides a foundation for anti⁃T. gallinae drug screening studies and studies on T. gallinae invasion mechanisms.

Key words: Trichomonas gallinae, Animal model, Evaluation index, Molding method

摘要： 该研究对比不同的禽毛滴虫感染动物的方法以及感染剂量，通过各评价指标筛选 得到最优的禽毛滴虫病动物模型的造模方法。首先进行禽毛滴虫不同造模方法的比较，选取 30只未感染禽毛滴虫的乳鸽，分为6组，分别为PBS对照组、0.3%Agar+TYM对照组、普通法感 染组、两次法感染组、喷喉法感染组和0.3%Agar+TYM感染组，每组5只，感染组每只乳鸽灌服 禽毛滴虫剂量为1×107个，连续感染5 d。结果显示，只有0.3%Agar+TYM感染组阳性率达到 100%，死亡率为20%；两次法感染组、喷喉法感染组和0.3%Agar+TYM感染组的平均增重和相 对增重率均低于PBS对照组，0.3%Agar+TYM感染组肝脏重量和比重显著低于PBS对照组，两 次法感染组的肺脏平均重量和比重显著低于PBS对照组，0.3%Agar+TYM感染组在感染后不同 天数口腔咽拭子中禽毛滴虫浓度最高，因此选用0.3%Agar+TYM作为溶剂重悬的感染方法最 佳。再进一步对此方法进行优化，选取40只未感染禽毛滴虫的乳鸽分为8组，分别为PBS对照 组、0.4%Agar+TYM对照组、0.2%Agar+TYM低剂量感染组、0.2%Agar+TYM高剂量感染组、0.3% Agar+TYM低剂量感染组、0.3%Agar+TYM高剂量感染组、0.4%Agar+TYM低剂量感染组和0.4% Agar+TYM高剂量感染组，每组5只。低剂量感染组每天每只乳鸽灌服禽毛滴虫剂量为1×106 个，高剂量感染组则为1×107个，连续感染5 d。结果显示，感染组除0.4%Agar+TYM高剂量感 染组以外，阳性率均达到100%；感染组中除了0.2%Agar+TYM高剂量组外平均增重和相对增重 率均低于PBS对照组；0.3%Agar+TYM 低剂量感染组，0.3%Agar+TYM 高剂量感染组和0.4% Agar+TYM高剂量感染组肝脏的平均重量和比重均显著低于PBS对照组；0.3%Agar+TYM高剂 量感染组和0.4%Agar+TYM高剂量感染组从第3天到第7天的口腔咽拭子中禽毛滴虫浓度逐渐 升高。综上结果表明，使用0.3%Agar+TYM作为溶剂重悬，每只乳鸽感染剂量为1×106个，连 续感染5 d的感染模式为最佳。该研究建立了一种禽毛滴虫感染动物模型，为抗禽毛滴虫药物 筛选、禽毛滴虫入侵机制等研究提供基础。

关键词: 禽毛滴虫, 动物模型, 评价指标, 造模方法