Abstract: In recent years，porcine rotavirus（PoRV）has shown a high incidence trend worldwide and has surpassed traditional pathogens such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus（PEDV）and transmissible gastroenteritis virus（TGEV）to become the dominant cause diarrhea in piglets. The virus exhibits high tissue tropism，primarily infecting the small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells of piglets from birth to weaning（1-6 weeks of age）. Clinically， infected piglets present with markedly increased defecation frequency and pass watery，light yellow or grayish?white feces，accompanied by rapid dehydration and electrolyte imbalance，ultimately leading to death from circulatory failure. Furthermore，intestinal barrier damage caused by the virus predisposes affected piglets to secondary infections by other pathogenic bacteria，with morbidity rates in piglet populations reaching as high as 100%. Currently，the prevalence of porcine rotavirus has become a key factor restricting the sustainable development of the pig farming industry. The segmental nature of the viral genome facilitates recombination with rotaviruses from other host species. In recent years，the identification of human? porcine recombinant strains and novel native variants has raised concerns regarding potential zoonotic transmission. This article systematically reviews the etiological characteristics， epidemiology and genetic variations，pathological changes and pathogenic mechanisms，diagnostic methods，and vaccine development progress associated with porcine rotavirus，with the aim of providing a comprehensive overview of current research advancements and establishing a theoretical basis for assessing the risk of cross?species transmission of this virus.

Key words: Porcine rotavirus infections；Genetic Variation；Pathogenesis；Vaccine Development；Zoonoses

摘要： 猪轮状病毒（Porcine Rotavirus，PoRV）在全球范围内呈现显著高发态势，已超越猪 流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）、传染性胃肠炎病毒（TGEV）等传统病原体，成为引发仔猪腹泻的主导 因子。该病毒的致病靶标具有高度特异性，主要侵袭新生至断奶期（1－6周龄）仔猪的小肠黏 膜上皮细胞。临床症状表现为仔猪排便次数剧烈提升，粪便呈淡黄色或灰白色水样便，并伴 随快速脱水、电解质紊乱等症状，最终因循环衰竭死亡。且病毒造成的肠道屏障损伤易诱发其 他致病菌的继发感染，仔猪群发病率最高可达100%。现阶段PoRV的流行已成为制约养猪业 可持续发展的关键因素之一。该病毒基因分节段的特性使其易与其他宿主来源轮状病毒发生 重组，近年已发现人?猪重组G9亚型毒株及新兴本土变异株G26亚型，提示其潜在的人畜共患 与变异风险。该文系统梳理了PoRV的流行病学、病理变化、致病机制、诊断方法及疫苗研发进 展，旨在系统解析PoRV研究进展，同时为该病毒跨物种传播风险提供科学支撑。

关键词: 猪轮状病毒；遗传变异；致病机制；疫苗研发；跨物种传播