Eastern equine encephalitis（EEE）is a zoonotic disease caused by the Eastern equine encephalitis virus（EEEV） and primarily transmitted through arthropod vectors. The infection can cause severe neurological diseases and mortality in horses，humans，and other vertebrates，posing a serious threat to both the equine industry and public health. In recent years，cases of EEEV infection have been reported in multiple regions worldwide， highlighting the need for enhanced epidemic prevention and control. Although vaccination remains a key preventive strategy，no licensed vaccine is currently available. This paper reviews recent research directions and progress in EEEV vaccine development，aiming to provide references for future vaccine research and disease control efforts.

Chikungunya fever is an acute mosquito⁃borne infectious disease caused by the Chikungunya virus（CHIKV） and transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes. The main clinical manifestations include fever，rash，and joint and muscle pain. The disease exhibits distinct epidemiological features and urban transmission cycles，posing a high infection risk to human populations. Factors such as viral genetic mutations，accelerated globalization，and climate warming have driven the global spread of chikungunya fever in recent years. To date，chikungunya outbreaks have been reported in 119 countries and regions，with an estimated annual cumulative case count exceeding 500 000. Due to the absence of approved commercial vaccines or effective antiviral therapies，Chikungunya fever continues to pose a significant threat to human health，public health systems，and socioeconomic development. Currently，the global spread of chikungunya fever is becoming increasingly severe. Notably，the 2025 outbreak in Foshan，Guangdong��linked to imported cases and subsequent local transmission�� has underscored the urgent need for enhanced prevention and control measures in China. This paper systematically reviews the global and domestic epidemiological status of chikungunya fever，its transmission routes and local transmission characteristics，underlying mechanisms and influencing factors，as well as comprehensive prevention and control strategies. The study aims to provide valuable insights for the scientific prevention and control of epidemic importation and spread in China and for safeguarding public health.

In recent years，China‘s prepared dishes industry has developed unprecedentedly and has become a sunrise industry supported by the central and various levels of government. However，the safety and hygiene issues of prepared dishes have raised concerns among consumers. Prepared livestock and poultry meat dishes account for an important proportion in prepared dishes，and the solution to their safety and hygiene issues affects the public’s acceptance of prepared dishes products. This article analyzed the safety and hygiene risks of the whole supply chain of prepared animal and poultry meat dishes as following：veterinary drug residues，excessive heavy metals，pesticide contamination，and disease pathogens in the breeding process；the use of illegal additives and excessive additives in the processing process，refrigeration temperature issues in storage and transportation；packaging damage，and contaminated impurities. This paper offered the following solutions from the perspective of enterprises：actively build quality standards and standard systems； actively cooperate， participate and promote the construction of the certification system；establish traceable management system；applicate new technologies，including the new detection methods，physical preservation techniques for meat，and new refrigeration technologies.

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Due to the lack of effective treatment drugs，tuberculosis is still widespread in the world，seriously endangering people's health. The BCG vaccine（Mycobacterium Bovis bacilli Calmette ?Guérin，BCG）is the only TB vaccine currently registered for humans，although BCG can create resistance to TB in children，it cannot effectively prevent tuberculosis in adults and the elderly. And with the increase of drug?resistant strains and HIV mixed infection，it is urgent to develop a safer and more effective vaccine than BCG. This article provides a review of the immune mechanisms of tuberculosis，the shortcomings of BCG，and the research progress for candidate tuberculosis vaccines.