Eastern equine encephalitis（EEE）is a zoonotic disease caused by the Eastern equine encephalitis virus（EEEV） and primarily transmitted through arthropod vectors. The infection can cause severe neurological diseases and mortality in horses，humans，and other vertebrates，posing a serious threat to both the equine industry and public health. In recent years，cases of EEEV infection have been reported in multiple regions worldwide， highlighting the need for enhanced epidemic prevention and control. Although vaccination remains a key preventive strategy，no licensed vaccine is currently available. This paper reviews recent research directions and progress in EEEV vaccine development，aiming to provide references for future vaccine research and disease control efforts.