Abstract: The incubator is an important part of the artificial hatching of embryos in farms to improve production efficiency. An incubator with a reasonable internal structure design can effectively improve the hatching efficiency of the farm. The hatching program controls the incubator to operate automatically at each stage to ensure the relative stability of the environment inside the box. The design of a suitable hatching program should consider five factors such as temperature，humidity，ventilation，egg cooling and egg turning. Among them，temperature and humidity are the key conditions that determine the hatching effect. Formulating a scientific change in temperature and humidity can greatly improve the hatching effect of embryos. In order to understand the influence of different hatching programs and incubators on the hatching effect of pigeon embryos，this experiment set up two hatching programs and used two incubators. A total of 9，000 fertilized pigeon embryos were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups，with 3 replicates in each group and 1，000 in each replicate. The experimental settings are：Group A（a incubator + two ⁃ stage constant temperature），Group B（b incubator + two ⁃ stage constant temperature），and Group C（b incubator + single ⁃ stage variable temperature hatching）. The hatching results of the three groups of pigeon embryos，including data such as infertile eggs，dead embryos，healthy chicks，and weak and disabled chicks，were recorded. The results showed that in terms of hatching effect，the hatching rate and dead embryo rate of the single ⁃ stage variable temperature group C were better than those of the two ⁃ stage constant temperature hatching group B，with a significant difference（P<0.05）；the hatching rate of group A was slightly higher than that of group B，with no significant difference（P>0.05）. In terms of hatching effect，the hatching rate and healthy chick rate of group A and group C were higher than those of group B，with no significant difference（P>0.05）. There is no significant difference in the hatching effect between a and b incubators，but the hatching rate and healthy chick rate are slightly higher than those of b incubators，and the hatching window is slightly longer than that of b incubators. Each has its own advantages. Through the analysis of the hatching and hatching effects of pigeon embryos by two hatching programs and two incubators，the study has proved that single ⁃ stage variable temperature hatching is more suitable for the hatching needs of pigeon embryos and can be promoted to actual production as a new hatching program，providing design ideas for the hatching of pigeon embryos at the grass ⁃ roots level and the production of incubators.

Key words: Pigeon embryos, Incubators, Hatching programs, Temperature, Humidity

摘要： 孵化机是养殖场人工孵化种胚、提高生产效率的重要板块，内部结构设计合理的孵化机会有效提高养殖场孵化效益。孵化程序控制孵化机在各阶段自动运行，保证机箱内环境相对稳定。设计适配的孵化程序要考虑温度、湿度、通风、晾蛋以及翻蛋等五大因素，其中温湿度是决定孵化效果的关键条件，制定科学的温湿度变化能极大程度提高种胚孵化效果。为了解不同孵化程序以及孵化机对于鸽胚孵化效果的影响，本试验设定两种孵化程序并使用两种孵化机，共计选孵受精鸽胚9000枚，随机分为3组，每组3个重复，每个重复1000枚。试验设置分别是：A组（a孵化机+二阶段恒温）、B组（b孵化机+二阶段恒温）、C组（b孵化机＋单阶段变温孵化），对三组鸽胚孵化结果包括光蛋、死胚、健雏、弱残雏等数据进行记录。结果显示：在孵化效果上，单阶段变温组C孵化率、死胚率均优于二阶段恒温孵化组B，具有显著性差异（P<0.05）；A组孵化率略高于B组，差异不显著（P>0.05）。在出雏效果上，A组与C组出雏率与健雏率均高于B组，差异不显著（P>0.05）。a、b孵化机间孵化效果不存在显著性差异，但a孵化机在孵化率及健雏率方面略高于b孵化机，出雏窗口期略长于b孵化机，二者各有优势。研究通过两种孵化程序及两种孵化机对鸽胚孵化、出雏效果的分析，证明了单阶段变温孵化更适合鸽胚的孵化需要，可作为一种新型孵化程序推广至实际生产中，为基层鸽胚孵化及孵化机生产提供设计思路。

关键词: 鸽胚, 孵化机, 孵化程序, 温度, 湿度