广东畜牧兽医科技 ›› 2025, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1): 33-42.DOI: 10.19978/j.cnki.xmsy.2025.01.06

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湿态发酵菜粕对草鱼生长、血清生化指标、肝脏抗氧化力、肠道消化酶活性和肠道菌群的影响

王轶林1，2，王亚军2*，陈建酬1，朱学芝3，石桉宁2，王玥1，2，廖景轩1，2，刘丽燕3*   

  1. （1. 佛山科学技术学院生命科学与工程学院，广东佛山528000； 2. 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所，广东广州510380； 3. 广东粤海饲料集团股份有限公司，广东湛江524000）
  • 出版日期:2025-02-26 发布日期:2025-01-18
  • 通讯作者: 王亚军
  • 基金资助:
    中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金（2022XT0406、2023TD49)；广东省企业特派员项目（GDKT20210164000）；广东粤海饲料集团企业研发项目（201231100）

Effects of Fresh Fermented Rapeseed Meal on the Growth rate，Serum Biochemical Indexes，Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity，Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activity and Intestinal Flora in Grass Carp

WANG Yilin1，2，WANG Yajun2*，CHEN Jianchou1，ZHU Xuezhi3，SHI Anning2，WANG Yue1，2，LIAO Jingxuan1，2，LIU Liyan3#br#   

  1. （1. Foshan University College of Life Sciences and Engineering，Foshan Guangdong 528000；2. Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences，Guangzhou Guangdong 510380；3. Guangdong Yuehai Feed Group Co.，Ltd，Zhanjiang Guangdong 524000）
  • Online:2025-02-26 Published:2025-01-18

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摘要： 该试验旨在研究饲料中添加不同水平的湿态发酵菜粕对草鱼（Ctenopharyngodonidella）生长、血清生化指标、肝脏抗氧化力、肠道消化酶活性和肠道菌群的影响。试验随机挑选450尾初始均重为（51.60±0.56）g的草鱼，随机分成5组，设3个重复，每个重复30尾鱼。各组使用湿态发酵菜粕量分别为0（对照组）、10%、20%、30%、40%，试验为期8周。结果表明，20%和40%湿态发酵菜粕组肥满度显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；40%组总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；饲料中添加20%以上的湿态发酵菜粕可以显著提高肠道α?淀粉酶活性（P<0.05），30%以上的湿态发酵菜粕显著提高胰蛋白酶活性（P<0.05）；随着湿态发酵菜粕替代水平的增加，肠道中厚壁菌门、疣微菌门和放线菌门数目呈上升趋势，变形菌门和绿弯菌门数目呈减少趋势。在该试验条件下，湿态发酵菜粕有一定的促生长效果，可以提高肠道消化酶活性，改善肠道菌群的组成；其中20%湿态发酵菜粕配方制备的饲料更有利于提高草鱼的肥满度、提高肝脏脂类代谢能力、降低肝脏氧化损伤和改善肠道菌群；而30%和40%湿态发酵菜粕配方制备的饲料对提高草鱼肠道消化酶有较好的效果。

关键词: 湿态发酵菜粕, 草鱼, 发酵饲料, 肠道菌群, 血清生理生化

Abstract: The experiment was to study the effects of different levels of moist fermented rapeseed meal fermented by Bacillus subtilis on the growth，serum physiology and biochemistry，intestinal digestibility and intestinal flora of grass carp（Ctenopharyngodon idella）. A total of 450 grass carp with an initial average weight of（51.60±0.56）g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates and 30 fish per replicate. The amount of moist fermented rapeseed meal in each group was 0（control group），10%，20%，30% and 40%，respectively，and the amount of rapeseed meal was reduced accordingly. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed that the condition factor of 20% and 40% moist fermented rapeseed meal groups was significantly higher than that of control group（P<0.05）. The contents of total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein in 40% group were significantly higher than those in control group（P<0.05）. Dietary supplementation of more than 20% of moist fermented rapeseed meal significantly increased intestinal α⁃amylase activity（P<0.05），and dietary supplementation of more than 30% of moist fermented rapeseed meal significantly increased intestinal trypsin activity（P<0.05）. With the increase of the replacement level of moist fermented rapeseeds，the numbers of Firmicutes，verrucobacteria and actinobacteria in intestinal tract increased， while the numbers of Proteobacteria and chloromyces decreased. Under the experimental conditions，moist fermented rapeseed meal had a certain growth⁃promoting effect，which could improve intestinal digestive enzyme activity and intestinal flora composition. The feed prepared with 20% moist fermented rapeseed meal is more beneficial to increase the fatness of grass carp，increase the lipid metabolism capacity of liver，reduce the oxidative damage of liver and improve the intestinal flora. The feed prepared with 30% and 40% moist fermented rapeseed meal formula has a good effect on improving intestinal digestive enzymes of grass carp.

Key words: Moist fermented rapeseed meal, Grass carp, Fermented feed, Intestinal flora, Serum physiology biochemistry

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