Porcine production traits serve as core indicators for evaluating the efficiency and economic returns of swine production. Consequently，their genetic improvement remains a central research focus and key practical objective in swine breeding. The rapid advancement of high?throughput sequencing and molecular biology technologies has extended the elucidation of the genetic basis of porcine production traits beyond traditional candidate ? gene targeting analyses，ushering in a new era of comprehensive，genome ? wide systematic analysis. This paper systematically reviews various technical approaches—including genome?wide association studies（GWAS）and multi? omics integration analyses—and examines their application and progress in deciphering the genetic underpinnings of two major categories of production traits：growth，development，and feed utilization；and carcass composition and meat quality. Furthermore，the paper outlines future technological trends within this research domain，aiming to provide a valuable reference for the genetic improvement of breeding stock and the high?quality development of the swine breeding industry.