Gardenia jasminoides，as a functional feed ingredient，is rich in conventional nutritional components， including carbohydrates，proteins，minerals，and fatty acids，as well as bioactive compounds such as iridoids， carotenoids，and polysaccharides. Studies have shown that dietary supplementation with gardenia or its extracts can improve animal growth performance，enhance the quality of meat and eggs，and strengthen antioxidant capacity and immune function. This review summarizes the conventional and bioactive constituents of gardenia and their applications in animal production，providing a reference for further development and utilization of this resource in sustainable and healthy animal husbandry.

This experiment aimed to analyze the amino acid digestibility of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein in growing pigs. A total of 16 healthy growing pigs fitted with a T?cannula，with an average body weight of（38.2±4.4） kg，were selected for the trial. The experiment lasted 7 days（5?day adaptation period + 2?day trial period）. The pigs were assigned to two treatments，with 8 replicates per group，and were fed either a standardized ileal digestibility （SID）diet formulated with Clostridium autoethanogenum protein or a nitrogen?free diet. The results showed that The crude protein content of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein is 88.57%，with a total energy of 5514 kcal/kg. Among the essential amino acids，the contents of lysine，methionine，and threonine are 8.12% ，1.78% ，and 3.73% ， respectively. The apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein，lysine，methionine，and threonine in Clostridium autoethanogenum protein is 71%，72%，73%，and 74%，respectively，while the standardized ileal digestibility is 82%，87%，85%，and 89%，respectively.

Glucuronolactone is a natural metabolic of glucose in livers of animal. Currently，it is primarily produced through chemical processes such as nitric acid oxidation of starch. It possesses diverse biological functions， including anti?inflammation and anti?oxidation，and shows potential as a novel feed additive. This review，therefore， examines the structure， physicochemical properties， production methods， and biological functions of glucuronolactone，along with its prospective applications in animal husbandry. The aim is to provide a reference for the rational development and utilization of glucuronolactone in animal production.

To reduce feed costs，improve the breeding efficiency of sows，and promote sustainable development in the pig industry，this study investigated the effects of varying valine to lysine（Val/Lys） ratios in low⁃protein diets on the immune function of sows and the microbiota in their milk. Sixty sows with similar body conditions and mating times（fourth parity Landrace × Large White）were selected as the experimental subjects. The minimum nutritional requirements for lactating sows per NRC standards were used as the standard for low⁃protein diets. The sows were randomly divided into six groups：a normal protein group（17% CP，Val/Lys = 0.87）and five low⁃protein diet groups （14.3% CP，Val/Lys ratios of 0.64，0.74，0.84，0.94，and 1.04）. Each sow was accompanied by 12 piglets，and the experiment lasted from the first day of lactation to the 21st day of weaning，a total of 21 days. The results showed that low⁃protein diets without additional valine decreased（ P<0.05）the abundance of the B⁃cell marker CD11b in the mammary glands of sows，while increasing the Val/Lys ratio in low⁃protein diets increased（ P<0.05）the abundance of CD11b in the mammary glands. Low⁃protein diets without additional valine decreased（ P<0.05）the concentration of SIgA in colostrum，while increasing the Val/Lys ratio in low⁃protein diets increased（ P<0.05）the concentration of SIgA in colostrum. Low ⁃ protein diets without additional valine significantly decreased （ P<0.05） the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes， Fusobacteria， and Acidobacteria at the phylum level and Fusobacterium and Staphylococcus at the genus level in the milk microbiota of lactating sows，while increasing the Val/Lys ratio in low⁃ protein diets increased the relative abundance of these microbiotas. In conclusion，low⁃protein diets without additional valine impair the cytokine and microbial diversity of sows，and increasing the Val/Lys ratio in low⁃protein diets can mitigate these negative effects and help maintain the production performance of sows.

Climate change directly or indirectly affects the health of livestock and poultry，leading to challenges such as heat stress，metabolic disorders，oxidative stress，and immunosuppression，which pose significant threats to the development of the livestock industry. Pogostemon cablin，commonly known as Patchouli，is a traditional Chinese herb known for its anti⁃inflammatory，antioxidant，and antidiarrheal properties. When used as a feed additive，either alone or in combination with other herbal formulations，it has been shown to alleviate heat stress in livestock and poultry， promote gastrointestinal health， and enhance antioxidant capacity to varying degrees. This article systematically reviews the physicochemical properties of Pogostemon cablin and its compound preparation，as well as their applications in livestock production. The findings aim to provide a reference for further promoting the use of Pogostemon cablin in animal production systems.

Wheat is the second largest food crop in the world，ranking third in China. The crude protein and crude fiber content of wheat bran produced by its by⁃product processing is higher，and the available energy value is slightly lower than that of corn，which is one of the important energy feed raw materials. However，due to the different sources，processing methods and anti⁃nutrition factors，the nutritional value of wheat bran is very different，which restricts its feeding value. Therefore，this paper mainly reviewed the differences of nutritional components of different wheat bran，the available energy and amino acid digestibility of pigs and their applications in pig production.

Porcine viral diseases damage the health of pig herds and constrain the development of the global pig farming industry. It has a wide variety，including major airborne diseases such as African swine fever and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory syndrome. The article summarizes the biosafety system and iterative direction in the pig industry，and elaborates the value and significance of air filtration technology in the current iterative upgrade of biosecurity through existing research and clinical evidence. Meanwhile，The article introduces the operational principle，scheme design，mode selection and key points of operation and maintenance of the air filtration system， providing reference and inspiration for the application of the air filtration system in the construction of the biosecurity system and pig farms.

Virus inactivation is the process of using physical or chemical methods to make the virus lose infectivity. The virus inactivation efficiency is often affected by many factors，such as virus characteristics，types of inactivators and the aims of inactivation. The selection of inactivators is usually determined by the characteristics of the virus and its use after inactivation. Vaccine development requires complete inactivation of the virus while maintaining the integrity of the viral protective antigen epitope structure to induce an effective host immune response. Molecular biological detection requires complete viral genome integrity. Therefore，selecting appropriate inactivators to inactivate highly pathogenic pathogens is an important guarantee for subsequent work such as pathogen molecular diagnosis， serological analysis，and vaccine development. At present，more and more virus inactivators are being developed and utilized. In this paper，5 chemical virus inactivators frequently used are selected，namely formaldehyde，β ? propiolactone，guanidium based chaotropic salts，psoralen，hydrogen peroxide，the inactivation mechanism and inactivation characteristics of the aboved virus inactivators，along with the application of inactivated virus are summarized as follows.

The porcine PRRS virus mutates rapidly with multiple strains coexist. Vaccine protection effect for the virus is not ideal. At present，more and more breeding farms eradicate PRRS virus in the herd，but it is difficult to maintain the negative status. This paper reported a a PRRS JXA1?like strain outbreak in a PRRS ?negative breeding farms. Methods of emergency feedback，strengthening biosecurity，and increasing the health care were taken，and the herd was improved. Feedback and other measures can quickly control the disease. When the PRRS negative farm turns positive，veterinarians need to make decisions on prevention，control and eradication from an economic point of view and use the future income to convert to the net present value evaluation method，and the investment income ratio this time is 1: 3.3，indicating that the method of feedback at this time is economically feasible.

In 2022，pig production capacity was stably increased，coupled with the continuous rise in feed raw material prices and emission reduction and carbon reduction in animal husbandry，that had brought enormous pressure to pig breeding entities. Pig industry faced severe pressure，however，new energy has been injected into healthy pig farming by the research and development of various technologies in the front ??end，mid??range，and back??end of pig farming. This paper proposed the direction for the development of the pig industry in 2023，such as accelerating the promotion of intelligent breeding technology，improving the precision level of feed preparation，strengthening precision feeding technology，increasing the development of non ?? grain feed raw materials，researching new anti ?? microbial products，adopting low??protein feed source emission reduction and so on，which aimed to provide direction reference for the healthy development of the pig industry.

Flavonoids are important natural plant compounds widely distributed in flowers，seeds，nuts，roots and bark of higher plants. They have a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antiviral，antibacterial， antioxidant，antihypertensive，lipid??lowering and anti??inflammatory. This paper mainly reviews the pharmacological effects of flavonoids such as rutin，quercetin and genistein，etc. Their applications in improving the growth， reproductive performance，and immunity as well as the quality of meat and eggs for livestock and poultry. This research provides theoretical support for the application of flavonoids（rutin，quercetin，genistein，etc.）in livestock and poultry breeding.

In 2021，swine production capacity has been fully restored and continues to fluctuate at a low level， while the supply of feed raw materials is insufficient and the price rises a lot，which has brought unprecedented pressure to the swine industry. This paper summarizes the current situation of swine nutrition and feed science， analyzes the development trends in 2022，and puts forward relevant suggestions in this field from the perspective of scientific research.

B vitamins（VB）are important nutrients to maintain the health and metabolism of host. It is widely used as feed additives in livestock and poultry. Due to the complex composition and extremely low content of VB in the serum，it is difficult to accurately monitor the dynamic changes of VB in serum by existing methods. In this study，five kinds of VB including VB1，VB2，VB3（Nicotinamide），VB6（Pyridoxal）and VB9 in the serum of weaned piglets at different age were successfully detected using the targeted metabolomics technique of ultra performance liquid chromatography?tandem mass spectrometry?multi?reaction monitoring（UPLC?MS/MS?MRM）. This results showed that the content of VB in the serum of weaned piglets were increased in varying degrees with the increase of age. The content of VB in serum of weaned pigs at 35 days old were higher than that at 28 days old and at 63 days old，which showed a trend of rising first and then decreasing. The content of nicotinamide in serum of weaned piglets was the highest，and the detection range was 422.95 ? 1 805.58 ng/mL；The content level of VB2 in the serum was followed nicotinamide，with the detection range ranged from 182.33 to 561.33 ng/mL；The detection range of VB1 in the serum was from 23.36 to 72.95 ng/mL；The detection range of pyridoxal in the serum was from 3.48 to 27.90 ng/mL. The content of VB9 in serum was the lowest，and the detection range was from 5.22 to 22.72 ng/mL. In conclusion，5 kinds of VB in the serum of weaned piglets were detected efficiently and quantitatively by the targeted metabolomics with ULPC?MS/MS?MRM technology in this study，which provided a reference for subsequent research on VB in livestock and poultry.