In recent years，porcine rotavirus（PoRV）has shown a high incidence trend worldwide and has surpassed traditional pathogens such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus（PEDV）and transmissible gastroenteritis virus（TGEV）to become the dominant cause diarrhea in piglets. The virus exhibits high tissue tropism，primarily infecting the small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells of piglets from birth to weaning（1-6 weeks of age）. Clinically， infected piglets present with markedly increased defecation frequency and pass watery，light yellow or grayish?white feces，accompanied by rapid dehydration and electrolyte imbalance，ultimately leading to death from circulatory failure. Furthermore，intestinal barrier damage caused by the virus predisposes affected piglets to secondary infections by other pathogenic bacteria，with morbidity rates in piglet populations reaching as high as 100%. Currently，the prevalence of porcine rotavirus has become a key factor restricting the sustainable development of the pig farming industry. The segmental nature of the viral genome facilitates recombination with rotaviruses from other host species. In recent years，the identification of human? porcine recombinant strains and novel native variants has raised concerns regarding potential zoonotic transmission. This article systematically reviews the etiological characteristics， epidemiology and genetic variations，pathological changes and pathogenic mechanisms，diagnostic methods，and vaccine development progress associated with porcine rotavirus，with the aim of providing a comprehensive overview of current research advancements and establishing a theoretical basis for assessing the risk of cross?species transmission of this virus.

To understand the presence，distribution，activity patterns，and potential to carry pathogens related to diseases such as equine piroplasmosis，Japanese encephalitis，vesicular stomatitis，Trypanosomiasis，West Nile virus，African horse sickness，equine infectious anemia，and equine encephalomyelitis（both Eastern and Western forms），in the unregulated equine disease zones of Conghua District in Guangzhou，we established a monitoring framework. Taking Conghua District as the core area，set up 8 surrounding districts and counties as monitoring areas to capture mosquitoes and insects for monitoring. Through 3 surveys in May，July and September，8，177 mosquitoes， 484 tabanids，655 midges and 529 ticks were caught. Among them，mosquitoes belong to 4 subfamilies，8 genera and 28 species，tabanids belong to 2 subfamilies，2 genera and 2 species，midges belong to 2 subfamilies，2 genera and 2 species，ticks belong to 1 subfamily，1 genus and 1 species. The dominant mosquitoes were culex brevicornis，Culex pseudosquemiculatus， Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus， chironomus， Tabanidae， Ceratopogonidae and Ixodes fanghead（Ixodes）. In May，3，678 mosquitoes were collected，with a mosquito density of 2.36 mosquitoes per light trap hour. In July，2，562 mosquitoes were captured，yielding a density of 1.64 mosquitoes per light trap hour. In September，1，937 mosquitoes were collected，with a density of 1.24 mosquitoes per light trap hour. The number and density of mosquitoes decreased from March to September. The average density of Tabanids was 6.2/field，average density of midges was 8.3/field，and average density of ticks was 8.3/field.

In order to develop a credible dual fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（qPCR）for detecting novel goose astrovirus type 1（NGAstV⁃1）and type 2（NGAstV⁃2），primers were designed to establish a dual fluorescence qPCR detection method using ORF2 protein of NGAstV⁃1 and NGAstV⁃2，and 36 samples of goose liver and kidney tissue suspected to be infected with NGAstV⁃1 and NGAstV⁃2 were evaluated in this study. The test results showed that the correlation coefficients of qPCR were 0.997 and were negative for novel duck reovirus （NDRV），avian influenza virus（AIV），fowl adenovirus（FAdV），and goose parvovirus（GPV）. The minimum detection limit was 1.12 × 101 copies/μL. The reproducibility test results indicate good reproducibility，with a coefficient of variation between groups of less than 0.8% and a coefficient of variation within groups of less than 0.5%. It can be seen that the qPCR can efficiently and specifically detect NGAstV⁃1 and NGAstV⁃2，providing a feasible method for NGAstV monitoring.