Abstract: Cryopreservation of chicken semen is an important technique for the conservation and utilization of poultry genetic resources. It enables the efficient use of genetically superior roosters and fully exploits their commercial value. However，the instability of freezing outcomes and the poor repeatability of fertilization rates remain major challenges in this field. This article reviews key factors affecting rooster semen cryopreservation，including diluents， cryoprotectants，freezing methods，equilibration time，freezing rates，and artificial insemination procedures. The review indicates that diluents should be selected based on the pH，electrolyte balance，and osmotic pressure of the rooster semen. The straws freezing technique offers certain advantages，as the sealed system reduces contamination risk and facilitates handling.Equilibration time varies considerably among different cryoprotectants，largely due to their differential toxicity to spermatozoa. Programmed freezing，which controls the cooling rate via computer -assisted protocols，provides a more standardized approach. Furthermore，the addition of various components to the diluents and protective media has a significant effect on the fertilization rate achieved through artificial insemination. This review aims to provide a reference for the research and promotion of avian semen cryopreservation technology.

Key words: Chicken；Semen；Diluent；Cryoprotectant；Frozen storage；Artificial insemination

摘要： 鸡精液冷冻保存技术是鸡遗传资源保护与利用的一项重要技术，通过能高效利用遗传性能优秀的种公鸡，充分发挥其商用价值，但其精液冷冻保存技术和受精率的重复性不稳定依然是需要解决的难题。该文对鸡精液的稀释液、冷冻保护剂、冷冻方法、平衡时间、冷冻速率和人工授精等进行综述，总结了稀释液应根据鸡精液的pH、电解质平衡及渗透压等特性考虑；甘油和二甲基乙酰胺是最有效的鸡精液冷冻保存剂；细管精液冷冻技术因为将精液密封不易污染、方便使用而更具有优势；冷冻保护剂对鸡精液平衡时间差异较大，主要原因是冷冻保护剂对精子的毒害；程序化冷冻法是较为便捷的方法以及添加不同成分的稀释液及保护剂对鸡人工授精受精率差异显著。以期为禽类精液冷冻技术研究与推广提供参考。

关键词: 鸡；精液；稀释液；冷冻保护剂；冷冻保存；人工授精