关键词: 鸡；精液；稀释液；冷冻保护剂；冷冻保存；人工授精

Abstract: Cryopreservation of chicken semen is an important technique for the conservation and utilization of poultry genetic resources. It enables the efficient use of genetically superior roosters and fully exploits their commercial value. However，the instability of freezing outcomes and the poor repeatability of fertilization rates remain major challenges in this field. This article reviews key factors affecting rooster semen cryopreservation，including diluents， cryoprotectants，freezing methods，equilibration time，freezing rates，and artificial insemination procedures. The review indicates that diluents should be selected based on the pH，electrolyte balance，and osmotic pressure of the rooster semen. The straws freezing technique offers certain advantages，as the sealed system reduces contamination risk and facilitates handling.Equilibration time varies considerably among different cryoprotectants，largely due to their differential toxicity to spermatozoa. Programmed freezing，which controls the cooling rate via computer -assisted protocols，provides a more standardized approach. Furthermore，the addition of various components to the diluents and protective media has a significant effect on the fertilization rate achieved through artificial insemination. This review aims to provide a reference for the research and promotion of avian semen cryopreservation technology.

Key words: Chicken；Semen；Diluent；Cryoprotectant；Frozen storage；Artificial insemination