As functional agents that modulate intestinal microecology，probiotics are increasingly utilized in the health management of companion animals. Existing studies have demonstrated that probiotics can ameliorate gastrointestinal health，regulate lipid metabolism，and strengthen immune function in dogs and cats. Moreover， probiotics exert promising effects on gut–brain axis?mediated behavioral modulation and display synergistic activities with dietary fiber and other nutrients.This article systematically reviews the strain characteristics， functional mechanisms，and updated application progress of probiotics commonly used in canine and feline health management.It further summarizes and analyzes the major challenges limiting clinical application of probiotics，including strain specificity，insufficient processing stability，and inter?individual host variability. Future research should prioritize the development of personalized probiotic formulations，the optimization of combined therapeutic strategies，and the innovation of delivery technologies，so as to advance the precise application of probiotics in companion animal health.